Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
InnovHope Inc, Framingham, MA, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Oct;129(4):787-805. doi: 10.1111/jam.14661. Epub 2020 May 19.
The gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites, enzymes or small molecules that can impact host physiology. Gut dysbacteriosis is associated with many intestinal diseases including (but not limited to) inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis-IBD, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, osmotic diarrhoea and colorectal cancer. The potential pathogenic mechanism of gut dysbacteriosis associated with intestinal diseases includes the alteration of composition of gut microbiota as well as the gut microbiota-derived signalling molecules. The many correlations between the latter and the susceptibility for intestinal diseases has placed a spotlight on the gut microbiome as a potential novel target for therapeutics. Currently, faecal microbial transplantation, dietary interventions, use of probiotics, prebiotics and drugs are the major therapeutic tools utilized to impact dysbacteriosis and associated intestinal diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the role of intestinal microbiome in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. The potential mechanism of the complex interplay between gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal diseases, and the treatment methods are also highlighted.
肠道微生物群的功能类似于内分泌器官,产生生物活性代谢物、酶或小分子,这些物质可以影响宿主的生理机能。肠道菌群失调与许多肠道疾病有关,包括(但不限于)炎症性肠病、原发性硬化性胆管炎-肠病、肠易激综合征、慢性便秘、渗透性腹泻和结直肠癌。与肠道疾病相关的肠道菌群失调的潜在致病机制包括肠道微生物群组成的改变以及肠道微生物群衍生的信号分子。后者与肠道疾病易感性之间的许多相关性使肠道微生物群成为治疗的潜在新靶点。目前,粪便微生物移植、饮食干预、益生菌、益生元和药物是用于影响菌群失调和相关肠道疾病的主要治疗工具。在这篇综述中,我们系统地总结了肠道微生物群在肠道疾病发生和发展中的作用。还强调了肠道菌群失调与肠道疾病之间复杂相互作用的潜在机制和治疗方法。