Yan Sihua, Zhang Shaoliang, Yan Pengke, Wei Zhimiao, Wang Hao, Zhang Haijun, Niu Xiaoguang, Aurangzeib Muhammad, Tao Guohui
Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 1;958:178098. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178098. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
It is well known that biochar remarkably changes the fertility and quality in degraded soils, however, it's still not clear how homogeneous application (HA) and bottom concentrated application of biochar (CA) influences soil moisture (SM), soil temperature (ST) and salts during crops seedling stage. In this study, both HA and CA combining with four levels of 0 (CK), 10 (CA1/HA1), 20 (CA2/HA2) and 40 t ha (CA3/HA3) were used to reveal how biochar affects SM, ST and soil electrical conductivity (EC) at seedling stage (spring) of maize in moderately degraded Mollisols. The results showed that, the speed of daily ST increase was only significantly slower in CA1 than in CK during the warming stage, performing a "hysteresis effect". Compared with CK, SM and EC were significantly reduced by 32.9 % and 52.9 % in CA3, while increased by 30.4 % and 20.7 % in HA3 during the whole seedling stage. Between the SM/EC and biochar application amount, there was a negative linear relationship in CA, while was a quadratic function relationship in HA during the whole seedling stage. SM (14.49-29.72 %), EC (0.15-0.38 ms cm) and ST (14.86-19.31 °C) were higher in CA1 and HA3 than other treatments in rainfall and drought conditions. DSSA-CERES-maize model adequately simulated the effect of biochar on ST change during maize seedling (nRMSE≤22.6 %, d ≥ 0.59) by integrating initial soil conditions, meteorological data, crop management data, and soil physicochemical properties and crop growth indexes affected by biochar. Generally, HA3 and CA1 was beneficial for improving soil water retention and reducing salt ion leaching, while CA3 accelerated soil drought and increased salt ion leaching during maize seedling stage in Mollisols. The results of this study can provide guidance for the application of crop models in biochar application.
众所周知，生物炭能显著改变退化土壤的肥力和质量，然而，生物炭均匀施用（HA）和底部集中施用（CA）对作物苗期土壤水分（SM）、土壤温度（ST）和盐分的影响仍不清楚。本研究采用HA和CA结合0（CK）、10（CA1/HA1）、20（CA2/HA2）和40 t·ha（CA3/HA3）四个水平，揭示生物炭对中度退化软土上玉米苗期（春季）SM、ST和土壤电导率（EC）的影响。结果表明，在升温阶段，CA1处理的每日ST升高速度仅显著慢于CK，表现出“滞后效应”。与CK相比，在整个苗期，CA3处理的SM和EC分别显著降低了32.9%和52.9%，而HA3处理的SM和EC分别增加了30.4%和20.7%。在整个苗期，CA处理中SM/EC与生物炭施用量呈负线性关系，而HA处理中呈二次函数关系。在降雨和干旱条件下，CA1和HA3处理的SM（14.49 - 29.72%）、EC（0.15 - 0.38 ms·cm）和ST（14.86 - 19.31°C）高于其他处理。DSSA - CERES - 玉米模型通过整合初始土壤条件、气象数据、作物管理数据以及受生物炭影响的土壤理化性质和作物生长指标，充分模拟了生物炭对玉米苗期ST变化的影响（nRMSE≤22.6%，d≥0.59）。总体而言，在软土上玉米苗期，HA3和CA1有利于提高土壤保水性和减少盐离子淋失，而CA3加速了土壤干旱并增加了盐离子淋失。本研究结果可为作物模型在生物炭施用中的应用提供指导。
