Wang Yu, Ding Ding, Kang Ning, Xu Zhizhen, Yuan Hanyu, Ji Xiaohui, Dou Yan, Guo Ling, Shu Mushui, Wang Xiayan
Center Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China.
Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 1;958:178103. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178103. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Air pollution adversely affects people's health. Under the current background of compound air pollution in China, the emission reduction potential of air pollution control has significantly decreased, and there are few studies on multi-pollutant emission reduction and synergistic effects. PM, O, and NO have caused the enormous disease burden and health risks. This study evaluated the single and combined health effects of pollutants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and discussed the differences in susceptibility among disease populations. Identified the interactions of multiple pollutants and evaluated current environmental policies. This study provided evidence of the interactive effect of combined PM, O, and NO exposure on the health risks of different disease populations. Among them, the interaction between PM and O posed the most significant health risks (Odds Ratio of 3.026) and had the greatest impact on the health of people with cardiovascular diseases (Odds Ratio of 3.136). The excess deaths affected by combined exposure exceeded 40 % of the total excess deaths. The assessment of environmental policies indicated that compliance with the AQG 2021 guideline values would reduce ambient air pollution-related deaths in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region alone by about 30,000 per year. Our national standards were still far from the benchmarks given by the World Health Organization, especially for NO. In the future, attentions should also be paid to the control of NO and other reaction precursors while coordinating the control of PM and O.
空气污染对人们的健康产生不利影响。在中国当前复合型空气污染的背景下，空气污染控制的减排潜力显著下降，且关于多污染物减排及协同效应的研究较少。颗粒物（PM）、臭氧（O）和氮氧化物（NO）已造成巨大的疾病负担和健康风险。本研究评估了京津冀地区污染物的单一和联合健康影响，并探讨了疾病人群之间的易感性差异。识别了多种污染物的相互作用并评估了当前的环境政策。本研究提供了PM、O和NO联合暴露对不同疾病人群健康风险的交互作用的证据。其中，PM和O之间的相互作用带来的健康风险最为显著（优势比为3.026），对心血管疾病患者的健康影响最大（优势比为3.136）。联合暴露导致的超额死亡人数超过总超额死亡人数的40%。环境政策评估表明，仅京津冀地区，遵守2021年空气质量准则值每年将减少约3万例与环境空气污染相关的死亡。我国的标准仍远低于世界卫生组织给出的基准，尤其是对于NO。未来，在协调控制PM和O的同时，还应关注对NO及其他反应前体的控制。
