Bentley Robert F, Nikolovski Nino, Goodman Jack M
Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Cardiol. 2025 Mar;41(3):398-411. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.12.016. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
During aerobic exercise, the cardiovascular system is tasked with delivering oxygen to active skeletal muscle via muscle blood flow while regulating mean arterial blood pressure. The impact of aerobic exercise on acute cardiovascular function may be modulated by the dose and type of exercise. Acutely, dose is the product of exercise intensity and time, whereas exercise type may refer to common aerobic modalities like cycling, running, swimming, or rowing. Each modality is unique for its medium of completion as well as the implications on blood flow arising from the position of active muscle mass relative to heart level. The purpose of this review was to address how an acute exercise dose influences cardiovascular function between prominent aerobic exercise modalities in healthy individuals. Across all modalities, all doses may transiently reduce both left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function as well as both macro- and microvascular function. However, accurately quantifying and comparing exercise dose across the literature is challenging due to methodologic differences in exercise prescription and the cardiovascular demands imposed by differing modalities of exercise. Furthermore, the potential confounding influence of cardiovascular drift alongside variations in age, the composition of cohorts with respect to biological sex, and timing of cardiovascular measures further complicates interpretation. Future work should focus on exercise intensity prescription according to modality-specific physiologic thresholds to provide comparable doses. This approach may serve to standardize the physiologic stimulus and allow for objective assessments to be compared with confidence.
在有氧运动期间，心血管系统的任务是通过肌肉血流将氧气输送到活跃的骨骼肌，同时调节平均动脉血压。有氧运动对急性心血管功能的影响可能会受到运动剂量和类型的调节。急性情况下，剂量是运动强度和时间的乘积，而运动类型可能指常见的有氧运动方式，如骑自行车、跑步、游泳或划船。每种运动方式因其完成媒介以及活跃肌肉质量相对于心脏水平的位置对血流产生的影响而独具特点。本综述的目的是探讨急性运动剂量如何影响健康个体中主要有氧运动方式之间的心血管功能。在所有运动方式中，所有剂量可能会暂时降低左、右心室的收缩和舒张功能以及大、微血管功能。然而，由于运动处方的方法学差异以及不同运动方式对心血管的需求不同，准确量化和比较文献中的运动剂量具有挑战性。此外，心血管漂移的潜在混杂影响以及年龄差异、队列中生物性别的构成以及心血管测量时间的变化进一步使解释变得复杂。未来的工作应侧重于根据特定运动方式的生理阈值制定运动强度处方，以提供可比的剂量。这种方法可能有助于使生理刺激标准化，并允许进行客观评估并进行可靠比较。
