埃塞俄比亚东北部阿法尔地区选定地区社区对基孔肯雅热的知识、态度和行为；其对疾病控制的影响：一项基于社区的定量和定性横断面研究。
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community about Chikungunya in selected Districts of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia; its implications for controlling the disease: a community-based quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Zerfu Biruk, Kassa Tesfu, Mamo Gezahegne, Legesse Mengistu
机构信息
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3441. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20987-8.
BACKGROUND
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a viral disease spread by Aedes mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical countries, including Ethiopia. It is important to educate communities and implement behavioral and social interventions to prevent and control the spread of disease. This study assessed the community's knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) about CHIK disease in the Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023 in two districts in the Afar Region, Ethiopia. A household survey (HHS) using a structured questionnaire was conducted through face-to-face interviews for the quantitative study. For the qualitative research, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regressions.
RESULTS
The study included 296 and 116 adult community members for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. Of 296 respondents, 67.3% had previously heard of CHIK, and of those who heard of it, 44.7% knew that CHIK is caused by a virus. While a majority (68.8%) of participants believed that CHIK could be prevented, only 45.6% considered it a serious illness. Additionally, over half (56.8%) of the respondents knew that not all mosquitoes transmit CHIK. About 48.7% were able to identify the Aedes mosquito, but only 16.5% of those knew that Aedes mosquitoes bite during the daytime. The overall mean correct/positive response scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 63.2%, 60.0%, and 60.0%, respectively. Being a student and having educational levels of grade 9-12th and college or above were associated with good knowledge while being single, having an educational level of 9-12, and being within the age group of 45-59 years old were found to be associated with positive attitude scores.
CONCLUSION
The study revealed a limited understanding of CHIK and the role of the Aedes mosquito in the study area. The community had uncertainty about the disease, its transmission, and prevention measures. The lack of understanding may affect attitudes towards the disease and risk perceptions, leading to less practice in prevention and control measures. The findings suggest the need for community-based educational initiatives to improve awareness and promote prevention and control measures.
背景
基孔肯雅热（CHIK）是一种由伊蚊传播的病毒性疾病，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的热带和亚热带国家流行。开展社区教育并实施行为和社会干预措施对于预防和控制该疾病的传播至关重要。本研究评估了埃塞俄比亚东北部阿法尔地区社区对基孔肯雅热疾病的知识、态度和实践（KAP）情况。
方法
2022年9月至2023年1月期间，在埃塞俄比亚阿法尔地区的两个区开展了一项基于社区的定量和定性横断面研究。定量研究通过面对面访谈，采用结构化问卷进行家庭调查（HHS）。定性研究则使用半结构化问卷进行焦点小组讨论（FGD）。数据分析采用描述性统计、Pearson相关系数和多元线性回归。
结果
该研究分别纳入了296名和116名成年社区成员进行定量和定性研究。在296名受访者中，67.3%的人之前听说过基孔肯雅热，在这些听说过的人中，44.7%知道基孔肯雅热是由病毒引起的。虽然大多数（68.8%）参与者认为基孔肯雅热可以预防，但只有45.6%的人认为这是一种严重疾病。此外，超过一半（56.8%）的受访者知道并非所有蚊子都传播基孔肯雅热。约48.7%的人能够识别伊蚊，但其中只有16.5%的人知道伊蚊在白天叮咬。知识、态度和实践方面的总体平均正确/积极反应得分分别为63.2%、60.0%和60.0%。学生身份以及教育程度为九年级至十二年级和大专及以上与良好的知识水平相关，而单身、教育程度为九年级至十二年级以及年龄在45 - 59岁之间与积极的态度得分相关。
结论
该研究揭示了研究区域内对基孔肯雅热及其传播媒介伊蚊的了解有限。社区对该疾病、其传播方式和预防措施存在不确定性。这种认识不足可能会影响对该疾病的态度和风险认知，导致预防和控制措施的实践较少。研究结果表明需要开展基于社区的教育活动，以提高认识并促进预防和控制措施的实施。
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