Refraction difference value variations in children and adolescents with different refractive errors.

AIM

To evaluate the refraction difference value (RDV) variations in children and adolescents with different refractive errors and analyze its correlation with refractive development.

METHODS

Participants aged 4-16y with different refractive statuses (hyperopia, emmetropia, myopia) underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, axial length (AL), total RDV (TRDV), and RDVs at various eccentricities (0°-15°, 15°-30°, 30°-45°) and quadrants (inferior, superior, nasal, temporal). Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA for group comparisons and Pearson correlation for examining relationships between SE/AL and RDVs. Paired -tests compared quadrant-specific RDVs within groups.

RESULTS

Significant difference was found in TRDV (<0.001), RDV15°-30° (=0.033), RDV30°-45° (<0.001), RDV-inferior (RDV-I, <0.001) and RDV-temporal (RDV-T, <0.001) among hyperopia, emmetropia and myopia group. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation of SE with TRDV (=0.001), RDV30°-45° (=0.004), RDV-I (=0.047), and RDV-T (<0.001). The differences between RDV-superior (RDV-S) and RDV-I were statistically significant in all groups (<0.001 for all) and between RDV-T and RDV-nasal (RDV-N) were statistically significant in hyperopia group (<0.001). Within the pre-myopic group, the analysis revealed a negative correlation of SE with RDV-I (=0.009). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of AL with TRDV (=0.036), RDV15°-30° (=0.004), RDV30°-45° (<0.001), RDV-S (=0.003), RDV-I (<0.001), RDV-T (<0.001), RDV-N (=0.022), while revealed a negative correlation of AL with RDV0-15° (=0.018).

CONCLUSION

Our study indicates TRDV, RDV30°-45°, RDV-I, RDV-T may relate to refractive development, and a negative correlation between SE and RDV-I in pre-myopic children.