Cai Chang, Tang Houlin, Li Dongmin, Qin Qianqian, Chen Fangfang, Jin Yichen, Lyu Fan
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
China CDC Wkly. 2024 Nov 29;6(48):1251-1256. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.251.
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemiological landscape in China through a historical review and current assessment.
Data were extracted from China's HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System (CRIMS). Transmission patterns across different phases were visualized using stacked area charts. Geographical correlations between transmission routes were analyzed using scatter plots and Pearson correlation coefficients. The extent and trends of HIV spread among the general population were evaluated using Venn diagrams and Cochran-Armitage tests.
The HIV epidemic in China evolved through four distinct phases: injecting drug user (IDU) dominated (1989-1994), former plasma donor (FPD) outbreak (1995-2005), sexual transmission dominance (2006-2014), and general population spread (2015-present). A strong correlation was observed between provinces reporting high numbers of IDU cases and those with elevated heterosexual transmission (=0.88, <0.001). Between 2015 and 2023, 393,926 cases were identified among the general population through non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC). The proportion of general population cases among heterosexual transmissions increased significantly from 46.2% to 55.7% (=42.7, <0.001).
The significant spread of HIV into the general population necessitates the development of targeted prevention strategies for both high-risk and general populations to address emerging epidemiological challenges.
本研究旨在通过历史回顾和当前评估，对中国人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的流行病学态势进行全面分析。
数据取自中国HIV/AIDS综合防治信息管理系统（CRIMS）。不同阶段的传播模式用堆积面积图进行可视化展示。传播途径之间的地理相关性通过散点图和Pearson相关系数进行分析。使用维恩图和 Cochr an-Armitage检验评估HIV在普通人群中的传播程度和趋势。
中国的HIV疫情经历了四个不同阶段：注射吸毒者（IDU）主导阶段（1989 - 1994年）、既往有偿供血者（FPD）爆发阶段（1995 - 2005年）、性传播主导阶段（2006 - 2014年）以及普通人群传播阶段（2015年至今）。在报告IDU病例数较多的省份和异性传播率较高的省份之间观察到强相关性（=0.88，<0.001）。2015年至2023年期间，通过非婚和非商业异性接触（NMNCHC）在普通人群中发现了393,926例病例。普通人群病例在异性传播病例中的比例从46.2%显著增加到55.7%（=42.7，<0.001）。
HIV在普通人群中的显著传播使得有必要为高危人群和普通人群制定针对性的预防策略，以应对新出现的流行病学挑战。
