Hu Canyu, Dong Yueyue, Shi Qianqi, Long Ran, Xiong Yujie
Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2025 Jan 20;54(2):524-559. doi: 10.1039/d4cs00869c.
The ultimate goal of catalysis is to control the cleavage and formation of chemical bonds at the molecular or even atomic level, enabling the customization of catalytic products. The essence of chemical bonding is the electromagnetic interaction between atoms, which makes it possible to directly manipulate the dynamic behavior of molecules and electrons in catalytic processes using external electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. In this tutorial review, we first introduce the feasibility and importance of field effects in regulating catalytic reaction processes and then outline the basic principles of electric-/magnetic-/electromagnetic-field interaction with matter, respectively. In each section, we further summarize the relevant important advances from two complementary perspectives: the macroscopic molecular motion (including translation, vibration and rotation) and the microscopic intramolecular electron state alteration (including spin polarization, transfer or excitation, and density of states redistribution). Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for further development of catalysis under electric-/magnetic-/electromagnetic-field coupling.
催化的最终目标是在分子甚至原子水平上控制化学键的断裂和形成，从而实现催化产物的定制。化学键的本质是原子之间的电磁相互作用，这使得在催化过程中利用外部电场、磁场和电磁场直接操纵分子和电子的动态行为成为可能。在本综述中，我们首先介绍场效应在调节催化反应过程中的可行性和重要性，然后分别概述电场/磁场/电磁场与物质相互作用的基本原理。在每一部分中，我们还从两个互补的角度进一步总结了相关的重要进展：宏观分子运动（包括平移、振动和转动）和微观分子内电子态变化（包括自旋极化、转移或激发以及态密度重新分布）。最后，我们讨论了在电场/磁场/电磁场耦合作用下催化进一步发展所面临的挑战和机遇。
