Powell D, Luis E S, Calvin S, McDaid T, Potter D
Am J Dis Child. 1985 Jan;139(1):29-32. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140030031021.
During a four-year period there were 77 episodes and 15 recurrences of peritonitis in 30 children treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for periods of one to 39 months (mean, 15.3 months). The incidence was one episode per 6.0 patient-months. Organisms cultured included Staphylococcus epidermidis (17 episodes), Staphylococcus aureus (15 episodes), and fungi (four episodes). Special culture techniques were needed to ensure a high yield of positive cultures. Peritonitis was usually treated with intraperitoneal administration of cefazolin sodium, and 61% of the episodes were treated at home. There was one death, from Candida peritonitis, and catheters were removed in 11 children because of resistant or recurrent peritonitis (eight cases) or fungal peritonitis (three cases). Peritonitis rates were highest in children who had difficulty performing bag changes aseptically but who could not be transferred to hemodialysis and in hospitalized patients.
在四年期间，30名接受持续非卧床腹膜透析治疗1至39个月（平均15.3个月）的儿童发生了77次腹膜炎发作，15次复发。发病率为每6.0患者月1次发作。培养出的微生物包括表皮葡萄球菌（17次发作）、金黄色葡萄球菌（15次发作）和真菌（4次发作）。需要特殊培养技术以确保高阳性培养率。腹膜炎通常采用腹腔内注射头孢唑林钠治疗，61%的发作在家中治疗。有1例因念珠菌性腹膜炎死亡，11名儿童因耐药或复发性腹膜炎（8例）或真菌性腹膜炎（3例）而拔除导管。在无菌更换透析袋有困难但无法转为血液透析的儿童以及住院患者中，腹膜炎发生率最高。
