Xie Bingqing, Zhang Xinyi, Zhang Yongxia, Dietrich Christopher H, Duan Yani
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui China.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Dec 18;14(12):e70738. doi: 10.1002/ece3.70738. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Previous studies on the gene order and composition of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes have revealed a high level of conservation in overall genome structure. Some members of Deltocephalinae, the largest subfamily, exhibit tRNA gene rearrangements; however, few mitogenomes have been sequenced in this group and the degree of structural variation within tribes remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 species belonging to four genera of tribe Deltocephalini from China and compared them with the two previously reported mitogenomes for this tribe. The studied mitogenomes showed a high degree of similarity to most other leafhopper mitogenomes in overall structure, mostly varying in the total length (14,961-15,416 bp) and number of non-coding A + T-rich regions. Gene size, order, arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs in the newly sequenced mitogenomes were highly conserved in Deltocephalini, and variations in start/stop codon usage and tRNA secondary structure mostly matched those of other leafhoppers. Phylogenetic analysis of different combinations of protein-coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference under different models using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences were generally consistent and agreed with the previous nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Deltocephalini and among different leafhoppers species. In addition to Deltocephalini, Deltocephalinae included members of Athysanini and Opsiini formed monophyletic groups. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses consistently grouped with Paralimnini, rendering Deltocephalini polyphyletic. The topology consistently divided Deltocephalini into two major branches, with and forming a well-supported sister group to the remaining species of the tribe.
先前对叶蝉线粒体基因组的基因顺序和组成的研究表明，其整体基因组结构具有高度保守性。叶蝉亚科（最大的亚科）的一些成员表现出tRNA基因重排；然而，该类群中已测序的线粒体基因组很少，部落内部的结构变异程度仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们对来自中国叶蝉族四个属的14个物种的完整线粒体基因组进行了测序，并将它们与该部落先前报道的两个线粒体基因组进行了比较。所研究的线粒体基因组在整体结构上与大多数其他叶蝉线粒体基因组高度相似，主要在总长度（14,961 - 15,416 bp）和非编码A + T富集区数量上有所不同。新测序的线粒体基因组中的基因大小、顺序、排列、碱基组成、密码子使用和tRNA二级结构在叶蝉族中高度保守，起始/终止密码子使用和tRNA二级结构的变异大多与其他叶蝉相匹配。使用最大似然法和贝叶斯推断，在不同模型下使用氨基酸或核苷酸序列对蛋白质编码和核糖体基因的不同组合进行系统发育分析，结果总体一致，与先前的核基因和部分线粒体基因序列数据相符，表明完整的线粒体基因组在叶蝉族内不同分化水平以及不同叶蝉物种之间的系统发育中具有信息价值。除叶蝉族外，叶蝉亚科中包括无角叶蝉族和奥普叶蝉族的成员形成了单系群。最大似然法和贝叶斯推断分析一致将 与平额叶蝉族归为一类，使叶蝉族成为多系群。该拓扑结构一致地将叶蝉族分为两个主要分支， 和平额叶蝉族与该部落的其余物种形成一个得到有力支持的姐妹群。
