Fernández-Pedruelo Daniel, Juárez-Vela Raúl, Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández Regina, Alonso-Alonso Javier, Criado-Gutiérrez José Maríal, Sancho-Sánchez Consuelo
Doctoral Program in Health, Disability, Dependency, and Well-being, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Deparment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 5;11:1499239. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1499239. eCollection 2024.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted the global healthcare system, with particularly harmful effects on the human respiratory system. Beyond the acute symptoms, there is growing concern about persistent symptoms that last for weeks or months after the initial infection, known as long COVID syndrome. This study focuses on investigating the relationship between smoking, obesity, and the presence of post-COVID-19 sequelae, as well as their influence on the risk of hospitalization.
An observational and retrospective study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Castilla y León, Spain, between November 1 and 30, 2020. The patients were divided into three groups: smoking (current and former), obesity/overweight, and control group. Various variables were analyzed, including age, sex, and the presence of post-COVID-19 sequelae, chronic pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, psychological conditions, and hospitalization. Descriptive statistics and Odds Ratio analysis were used for comparisons.
The results revealed that obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 sequelae, particularly memory disorders and neurological, mental, or psychological symptoms. In contrast, smoking was correlated with an increase in memory problems but did not show a direct influence on post-COVID-19 sequelae or hospitalization. Additionally, women were found to have a higher prevalence of obesity in the studied population.
This study provides evidence that obesity increases the risk of post-COVID-19 sequelae, especially in terms of memory disorders and neuropsychological symptoms. On the other hand, smoking is related to memory problems. Regarding cardiovascular pathologies, there was not enough statistical evidence for analysis, while for hospitalization, it was determined that smoking and obesity do not have a direct influence on these post-COVID consequences.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对全球医疗系统产生了重大影响，对人类呼吸系统尤其具有有害影响。除了急性症状外，人们越来越关注初次感染后持续数周或数月的持续症状，即所谓的长期新冠综合征。本研究重点调查吸烟、肥胖与COVID-19后遗症之间的关系，以及它们对住院风险的影响。
利用2020年11月1日至30日期间西班牙卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂地区确诊COVID-19患者的病历进行了一项观察性回顾性研究。患者分为三组：吸烟组（现吸烟者和既往吸烟者）、肥胖/超重组和对照组。分析了各种变量，包括年龄、性别、COVID-19后遗症的存在情况、慢性疾病、心血管疾病、心理状况和住院情况。采用描述性统计和比值比分析进行比较。
结果显示，肥胖与COVID-19后遗症的较高风险显著相关，尤其是记忆障碍以及神经、精神或心理症状。相比之下，吸烟与记忆问题的增加相关，但对COVID-19后遗症或住院没有直接影响。此外，研究人群中女性肥胖的患病率更高。
本研究提供的证据表明，肥胖会增加COVID-19后遗症的风险，尤其是在记忆障碍和神经心理症状方面。另一方面，吸烟与记忆问题有关。关于心血管疾病，没有足够的统计证据进行分析，而对于住院情况，确定吸烟和肥胖对这些COVID-19后的后果没有直接影响。
