Wei LiXin, Zheng YaFei
Geely University of China, Chengdu, China.
ChengDu Sports University, Chengdu, China.
Front Physiol. 2024 Dec 5;15:1491347. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1491347. eCollection 2024.
Research on the effects of training programs involving small-sided games (SSG) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been increasing in recent years. However, there is limited understanding of how an individual's initial physical fitness level might influence the extent of adaptations achieved through these programs. This study aimed to compare the impacts of SSG and HIIT on male soccer players, while also considering the players' athleticism, categorized into lower and higher total athleticism score (TSA).
A prospective cohort study was conducted over a 6-week pre-season training period, involving 43 male soccer players from regional-level teams (average age 16.5 ± 0.7 years). Players were evaluated at the start and after the 6-week period. One team incorporated SSG as a core component of their aerobic-based training, while the other team used HIIT. Evaluations included a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a 30-meter linear sprint test, and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). TSA was calculated to assess each player's overall athleticism level (classifying them as fit and non-fit).
Results revealed that non-fit players showed significantly greater CMJ improvements (mean difference: 3.0 cm; < 0.005) and VIFT improvements (mean difference: 0.682 km/h; = 0.002) in SSG compared to fit players. In the HIIT group, non-fit players also revealed greater improvements than fit players in CMJ (mean difference: 2.5 cm; < 0.005) and peak speed in sprint (mean difference: 0.706 km/h; = 0.002). No significant differences were found between groups regarding the observed improvements.
In conclusion, this study suggests that the initial level of physical fitness significantly influences the magnitude of adaptations. Specifically, players with lower fitness levels appear to benefit more from training interventions. Improvements in CMJ and aerobic capacity in SSG seem to depend on players' fitness levels, and a similar trend is observed in HIIT for CMJ and peak speed. Individualizing training programs is recommended, with a focus on providing greater or different stimuli to more well-prepared players to ensure their continued development.
近年来，关于涉及小场地比赛（SSG）与高强度间歇训练（HIIT）的训练计划效果的研究不断增加。然而，对于个人初始体能水平如何影响通过这些计划所实现的适应程度，人们的了解有限。本研究旨在比较SSG和HIIT对男性足球运动员的影响，同时考虑将运动员的运动能力分为较低和较高总运动能力得分（TSA）两类。
在为期6周的季前训练期间进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，涉及43名来自地区级球队的男性足球运动员（平均年龄16.5±0.7岁）。在开始时和6周训练期结束后对运动员进行评估。其中一支球队将SSG作为其有氧训练的核心组成部分，而另一支球队采用HIIT。评估包括反向纵跳（CMJ）测试、30米直线冲刺测试和30 - 15间歇体能测试（30 - 15 IFT）。计算TSA以评估每名运动员的整体运动能力水平（将他们分为体能良好和体能不佳两类）。
结果显示，与体能良好的运动员相比，体能不佳的运动员在SSG训练中CMJ提升幅度更大（平均差异：3.0厘米；<0.005），VIFT提升幅度更大（平均差异：0.682千米/小时；=0.002）。在HIIT组中，体能不佳的运动员在CMJ（平均差异：2.5厘米；<0.005）和冲刺峰值速度（平均差异：0.706千米/小时；=0.002）方面的提升也比体能良好的运动员更大。在观察到的提升方面，两组之间未发现显著差异。
总之，本研究表明初始体能水平显著影响适应程度。具体而言，体能水平较低的运动员似乎从训练干预中获益更多。SSG训练中CMJ和有氧能力的提升似乎取决于运动员的体能水平，HIIT训练在CMJ和峰值速度方面也观察到类似趋势。建议个性化训练计划，重点是为准备更充分的运动员提供更多或不同的刺激，以确保他们持续发展。
