Thomas Eva-Leanne, Livingstone David, Nugent Anne P, Woodside Jayne V, Brereton Paul
Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 20;19(12):e0315894. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315894. eCollection 2024.
Current food production and consumption practices are impacting both human and planetary health. Though these challenges are multifaceted, shifting to healthy dietary choices from sustainable food systems is one solution. Food-based labelling is a common public-health strategy aimed at influencing consumption practices, primarily displaying front-of-pack nutrition labelling to encourage healthier choices. Due to the dual impact of food on human and planetary health there is a growing need to additionally include environmental impact information. However, this potentially conflicting information could overwhelm consumers, necessitating a simplified approach that combines both nutritive and environmental values. Previous work has identified existing models, termed sustainable food profiling models, for labelling of individual food products based on their environmental impacts and nutritive value. Foods are rarely eaten in isolation and are often consumed as composite meals, which aggregate to diets. Therefore, it is important to identify indices that exist to assess or rank meals and diets according to their nutritional and environmental impacts. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines, our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 01 May 2024 (PROSPERO registration ID = CRD42024537149). In the present protocol the methodology to identify and review existing food-based indices for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact of meals and diets and their intended public health purpose is described. Our primary research questions are: (i) what food-based indices assessing nutritive value and environmental impact exist for classification or ranking of meals or diets? and (ii) what are the methods used to create, and the key characteristics of, these indices?. The results are expected to increase understanding of, and highlight the variation in, the creation of combined measures for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact for meals and diets. Additionally, findings can be used to inform researchers, business, and policy actors on future approaches for labelling foods, meals, or diets in a way that supports healthy and sustainable meal choices and diets.
当前的粮食生产和消费方式正在影响人类健康和地球健康。尽管这些挑战是多方面的，但转向可持续粮食系统中的健康饮食选择是一种解决方案。基于食物的标签是一项常见的公共卫生策略，旨在影响消费行为，主要是在包装正面展示营养标签以鼓励做出更健康的选择。由于食物对人类健康和地球健康具有双重影响，因此越来越需要额外纳入环境影响信息。然而，这种潜在冲突的信息可能会使消费者应接不暇，因此需要一种简化的方法来综合营养和环境价值。先前的研究已经确定了现有的模型，即可持续食物剖析模型，用于根据单个食品的环境影响和营养价值进行标签标注。食物很少单独食用，通常作为组合餐食用，这些组合餐构成了饮食。因此，确定用于根据膳食和饮食的营养和环境影响进行评估或排名的指标非常重要。遵循《系统评价和荟萃分析方案的首选报告项目》（PRISMA-P）2015指南，我们的系统评价方案于2024年5月1日在国际系统评价前瞻性注册库（PROSPERO）注册（PROSPERO注册号 = CRD42024537149）。在本方案中，描述了识别和审查现有的基于食物的指标以评估膳食和饮食的营养价值和环境影响及其预期公共卫生目的的方法。我们的主要研究问题是：（i）存在哪些用于膳食或饮食分类或排名的基于食物的评估营养价值和环境影响的指标？（ii）创建这些指标所使用的方法以及这些指标的关键特征是什么？预期结果将增进对评估膳食和饮食营养价值和环境影响的综合措施创建的理解，并突出其中的差异。此外，研究结果可用于为研究人员、企业和政策制定者提供信息，以便他们了解未来以支持健康和可持续膳食选择及饮食的方式对食品、膳食或饮食进行标签标注的方法。
