The challenge and promise of disentangling neurodevelopmental conditions a commentary on Davis et al. (2024).

This commentary evaluates the study by Davis et al. on the early behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum condition (ASC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. Davis et al. show how children who later receive dual diagnoses exhibit significantly more severe symptoms and greater behavioural challenges compared to their peers. The study's methodological strengths, including its prospective longitudinal design and well-validated measures, are highlighted. However, the commentary also critiques the reliance on the traditional diagnostic paradigm, advocating for a shift towards data-driven or dimensional approaches to better capture the complexities of neurodevelopmental conditions. By adopting such methodologies, the commentary suggests improvements in clinical practices through more personalised interventions, thereby advancing our understanding and treatment of ASC and ADHD.