Alzahrani Yahya
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Dec 6;15:1466363. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1466363. eCollection 2024.
The present study has evaluated different soybean genotypes to understand the salt and drought tolerance mechanisms based on physiological traits (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, and cell membrane stability), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), reactive oxygen species (HO and O ), osmolytes (glycine betaine, proline, and Na/K), plant water relations (relative water content, water potential, and solute potential) and expression of related genes (, , , , , , , and ). The experiment was conducted in a two-factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with genotypes as one factor and salt, drought, and control treatments as the other factor. All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21. Besides that, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of ROS, accumulation of osmolytes, solute potential, and Na/K ratio were increased significantly in all soybean genotypes under salt and water deficit conditions. As a whole, the soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21 showed the maximum enzymatic activity with less increase in ROS and Na/K in addition to a high accumulation of osmolytes and an increase in solute potential. Correspondingly, the genotypes exhibiting high physiological and biochemical tolerance to drought and salt stresses showed the high expression of genes imparting the stress tolerance. Moreover, correlation, heatmap, and principal component analysis further confirmed the varying physiological and biochemical responses of all soybean genotypes under individual and combined applications of drought and salinity stresses. Overall, the present study confirmed that plants opt for the integrated physiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to counteract the harmful effects of environmental stresses.
本研究评估了不同大豆基因型，以基于生理特性（光合作用、气孔导度、叶绿素和细胞膜稳定性）、抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶）、活性氧（HO和O）、渗透调节物质（甘氨酸甜菜碱、脯氨酸和Na/K）、植物水分关系（相对含水量、水势和溶质势）以及相关基因（，，，，，，，和）的表达来了解其耐盐和耐旱机制。实验采用两因素设计，随机完全区组设计（RCBD），基因型作为一个因素，盐、干旱和对照处理作为另一个因素。由于干旱和盐胁迫的单独及联合处理，所有大豆基因型的所有生理特性、相对含水量和水势均显著降低，而大豆基因型G4620RX、DM45X61和NARC - 21的降低幅度明显较小。除此之外，在盐和水分亏缺条件下，所有大豆基因型的抗氧化酶活性、活性氧产生、渗透调节物质积累、溶质势和Na/K比值均显著增加。总体而言，大豆基因型G4620RX、DM45X61和NARC - 21表现出最大的酶活性，活性氧和Na/K的增加较少，此外渗透调节物质积累高且溶质势增加。相应地，对干旱和盐胁迫表现出高生理和生化耐受性的基因型显示出赋予胁迫耐受性的基因的高表达。此外，相关性、热图和主成分分析进一步证实了所有大豆基因型在干旱和盐胁迫单独及联合应用下不同的生理和生化反应。总体而言，本研究证实植物选择综合的生理、生化和遗传方法来对抗环境胁迫的有害影响。
