Zhang Yanning, Liu Yujian, Shu Chen, Shen Yang, Li Mengchao, Ma Nan, Zhao Jinbo
Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
J Tissue Eng. 2024 Dec 21;15:20417314241309183. doi: 10.1177/20417314241309183. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of the airways and lungs in the respiratory system are of substantial research and clinical importance. In vitro airway and lung models aim to improve treatment options for airway and lung repair and advance respiratory pathophysiological research. The construction of biomimetic native airways and lungs with tissue-specific biological, mechanical, and configurable features remains challenging. Bioprinting, an emerging 3D printing technology, is promising for the development of airway, lung, and disease models, allowing the incorporation of cells and biologically active molecules into printed constructs in a precise and reproducible manner to recreate the airways, lung architecture, and in vitro microenvironment. Herein, we present a review of airway and lung bioprinting for applications in tissue engineering and in vitro modeling. The key pathophysiological characteristics of the airway, lung interstitium, and alveoli are described. The bioinks recently used in 3D bioprinting of the airways and lungs are summarized. Furthermore, we propose a bioink categorization based on the structural characteristics of the lungs and airways. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the research on biofabrication of airways and lungs are discussed.
呼吸系统中气道和肺的组织工程及体外建模具有重大的研究和临床意义。体外气道和肺模型旨在改善气道和肺修复的治疗选择，并推动呼吸病理生理学研究。构建具有组织特异性生物学、力学和可配置特征的仿生天然气道和肺仍然具有挑战性。生物打印作为一种新兴的3D打印技术，在气道、肺和疾病模型的开发方面具有前景，它允许将细胞和生物活性分子以精确且可重复的方式整合到打印结构中，以重现气道、肺结构和体外微环境。在此，我们对用于组织工程和体外建模的气道和肺生物打印进行综述。描述了气道、肺间质和肺泡的关键病理生理特征。总结了最近用于气道和肺3D生物打印的生物墨水。此外，我们基于肺和气道的结构特征提出了一种生物墨水分类方法。最后，讨论了气道和肺生物制造研究中的挑战与机遇。
