Recent Advances in Regenerative Endodontics: A Review of Current Techniques and Future Directions.

Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving discipline focused on biologically restoring the pulp-dentin complex to revive vitality in non-vital teeth. Unlike traditional endodontic therapies that rely on inert materials to preserve structure, regenerative techniques aim to re-establish natural structure and function by harnessing advancements in tissue engineering. This narrative review examines recent progress in stem cell applications, scaffold development, signaling molecules, and clinical protocols that contribute to successful regenerative outcomes. Advances in stem cell sources, biomimetic scaffolds, and growth factor delivery systems have shown promising results, though challenges such as variability in outcomes and the need for standardized clinical protocols remain. This review also highlights future directions, including gene therapy and three-dimensional bioprinting, which hold the potential to overcome current limitations and pave the way for effective and reliable biologically restorative dental treatments.