He Yucheng, Nishandar Sanika R, Edwards Rufus D, Olaya-García Belén, Serrano-Medrano Montserrat, Ruiz-García Víctor M, Berrueta Víctor, Princevac Marko, Masera Omar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marlan and Rosemary Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Joe C. Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California Irvine Room 1361 SE II CA 92697 USA
Environ Sci Atmos. 2024 Dec 5;5(2):171-180. doi: 10.1039/d4ea00082j. eCollection 2025 Feb 13.
The impact of cooking with solid fuels on neighborhood-scale PM concentrations in rural towns and communities is poorly quantified due to the lack of credible ground-level monitoring sites and spatial heterogeneity at a scale that is below the resolution of remote sensing GEOS-Chem hybrid models. Emissions of PM from use of open fires for cooking in rural Mexico are known to cause poor indoor air quality. The effectiveness of different intervention strategies to reduce such pollution exposures also varies because of different local building densities and source intensities. In this study, the effectiveness of stove intervention strategies on the neighborhood-scale PM concentrations were evaluated in a village Cucuchucho, located in the Purepecha highlands of Mexico. The Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC) is deployed in the assessment. The model's performance in simulating interactions between pollutants and flow around building structures is validated through comparison with a water channel experiment, which shows good quantitative agreement. The case study simulation results demonstrate that upstream households contributed ∼30% of concentrations, and current trends will not meet WHO air quality guidelines or interim targets. The magnitude of neighborhood-scale PM concentrations depends on the intervention and community structure. Based on these simulations, a statistical model is presented to estimate ambient neighborhood PM pollution concentrations for more communities at a regional level. The statistical model allows neighborhood PM pollution to be included in estimates of health burdens from household pollution in Mexico using readily accessible community parameters.
由于缺乏可靠的地面监测站点以及低于遥感GEOS-Chem混合模型分辨率的尺度上的空间异质性，使用固体燃料烹饪对农村城镇和社区邻里尺度的颗粒物浓度的影响难以量化。在墨西哥农村，使用明火烹饪产生的颗粒物排放会导致室内空气质量差。由于当地建筑密度和源强不同，不同的干预策略减少此类污染暴露的效果也各不相同。在本研究中，在位于墨西哥普埃布拉高地的库库乔村评估了炉灶干预策略对邻里尺度颗粒物浓度的效果。评估中采用了快速城市与工业复合体（QUIC）模型。通过与水槽实验对比，验证了该模型在模拟污染物与建筑物周围气流相互作用方面的性能，结果显示二者在定量上吻合良好。案例研究模拟结果表明，上游家庭贡献了约30%的浓度，当前趋势无法达到世界卫生组织的空气质量准则或临时目标。邻里尺度颗粒物浓度的大小取决于干预措施和社区结构。基于这些模拟，提出了一个统计模型，用于估算区域内更多社区的邻里环境颗粒物污染浓度。该统计模型利用易于获取的社区参数，将邻里颗粒物污染纳入墨西哥家庭污染健康负担的估算中。
