Badawy Abdelnaser A, El-Hofey Salma M, Shaban Amira M, Orif Sahar E, Uyanıkgil Yiğit, El-Magd Mohammed A
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar City, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
Food Funct. 2025 Jan 20;16(2):344-365. doi: 10.1039/d4fo04331f.
Camel milk has a unique composition that sets it apart from other types of animal milk, which has captured the interest of medical and scientific communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mainly contain exosomes (Exos, 30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, 200-1000 nm). Camel milk EVs, particularly Exos, which we named EVs/Exos, have arisen as a fascinating area of scientific inquiry, holding enormous potential for the future of biomedicine due to their anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic nephropathy, and immunostimulatory impacts. Camel milk EVs/Exos affect the antioxidant status and oxidative stress differently depending on the target cells. They boosted ROS in cancer cells but improved the antioxidant state in healthy cells. Camel milk EVs/Exos have distinct exosomal lactoferrin and kappa casein mRNAs, which could be responsible for their anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the high fat content of milk, there is a lack of established protocols for the precise isolation of EVs/Exos from milk, despite the increasing interest in this area of study. This review highlighted the techniques employed for milk EV/Exo isolation and characterization, acknowledging the challenges faced by researchers and the latest advancements in overcoming these hurdles. This review also detailed the potential of camel milk EVs/Exos in therapeutic applications. This comprehensive analysis positions camel milk EVs/Exos at the forefront of scientific inquiry, paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries in the years to come.
骆驼奶具有独特的成分，使其有别于其他类型的动物奶，这引起了医学和科学界的兴趣。细胞外囊泡（EVs）主要包含外泌体（Exos，30 - 200纳米）和微囊泡（MVs，200 - 1000纳米）。骆驼奶EVs，特别是我们命名为EVs/Exos的外泌体，已成为一个引人入胜的科学研究领域，由于其抗癌、抗菌、抗糖尿病肾病和免疫刺激作用，在生物医学的未来具有巨大潜力。骆驼奶EVs/Exos根据靶细胞的不同，对抗氧化状态和氧化应激的影响也不同。它们在癌细胞中提高了活性氧水平，但改善了健康细胞中的抗氧化状态。骆驼奶EVs/Exos具有独特的外泌体乳铁蛋白和κ-酪蛋白mRNA，这可能是它们抗癌和免疫调节作用的原因。由于牛奶脂肪含量高，尽管对该研究领域的兴趣日益增加，但仍缺乏从牛奶中精确分离EVs/Exos的既定方案。这篇综述强调了用于牛奶EV/Exo分离和表征的技术，认识到研究人员面临的挑战以及克服这些障碍的最新进展。这篇综述还详细介绍了骆驼奶EVs/Exos在治疗应用中的潜力。这一全面分析将骆驼奶EVs/Exos置于科学研究的前沿，为未来几年的突破性发现铺平了道路。
