Camel Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Functional Food Component Ameliorate Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Colonic Injury Through Microbiota-Metabolite Crosstalk.

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of camel milk-derived extracellular vesicles (CM-EVs) for treating colonic damage caused by high-altitude hypoxia, supporting the WHO's "Food as Medicine" initiative. Using a 5500 m mouse model, researchers induced colonic injury and treated it with oral CM-EVs for 15 days, comparing results to whole camel milk. CM-EVs outperformed whole milk, significantly improving colon health by restoring barrier integrity and reducing disease activity index (DAI) ( < 0.01). They boosted beneficial bacteria like and and decreased ( < 0.01). Metabolic analysis showed restored bile acid balance and amino acid modulation via the FXR/NF-κB pathway, reducing TLR4/MyD88-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress ( < 0.01). Fecal microbiota transplantation in the CM-EVs group notably decreased DAI and increased colon length ( < 0.05). CM-EVs repair mucosal damage, balance microbiota, and regulate metabolism to combat hypoxia-induced colonic damage, suggesting their potential as nutraceuticals and altitude-adaptive foods. This showcases nanotechnology's role in enhancing traditional dietary benefits via precision nutrition.