Alhaj Omar A, Elsahoryi Nour A, Fekih-Romdhane Feten, Wishah Manar, Sweidan Dima H, Husain Waqar, Achraf Ammar, Trabelsi Khaled, Hebert James R, Jahrami Haitham
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Dec 23;12(1):775. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02290-8.
Despite anecdotal evidence pointing to the high prevalence of job stress and burnout among dietitians and nutritionists, few studies have been conducted on this topic. Moreover, most studies are from Western countries. The objective of the current study, based on systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, is aimed to provide systematically graded evidence to assess the prevalence of emotional burnout among dietitians and nutritionists across age, sex, and cultural backgrounds.
Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search from 1 January 2000, to 1 April 2024 and was later updated to 15 November 2024, across seven databases: EBSCOhost Research Platform, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. The DerSimonian-Laird method was utilized to pool the data in this meta-analysis. Data from a total of 12,166 dietitians and nutritionists were extracted from 16 datasets (published in twelve research reports) covering a period of approximately 25 years. We measured the pooled prevalence of global burnout syndrome and its individual symptoms among dietitians and nutritionists. Subgroup meta-analyses were also conducted to identify a comprehensive set of moderators, including participants' age and sex.
The prevalence of global burnout syndrome in dietitians and nutritionists (K = 10, N = 10,081) showed an overall prevalence rate of 40.43% [23.69; 59.74], I² = 99.3%, τ [95% CI] = 1.18 [0.84; 1.97], τ² [95% CI] = 1.38 [0.71; 3.89], H [95% CI] = 12.68 [11.70; 13.74]. The prevalence of burnout dimensions/individual symptoms in dietitians and nutritionists (K = 2, N = 695) is summarized as follows: emotional exhaustion (EE) at 26.11% [15.14; 41.17], I² = 84.0%, τ = 0.21, τ² = 0.46, Q = 6.25, p < 0.001; depersonalization (DP) at 6.59% [1.08; 31.22], I² = 95.0%, τ = 1.72, τ² = 1.31, Q = 20.18, p < 0.001; and personal accomplishment (PA) at 59.29% [39.81; 76.23], I² = 89.3%, τ = 0.29, τ² = 0.54, Q = 9.36, p < 0.001. Meta-regression showed no difference by age or sex, p = 0.80, and p = 0.20, respectively.
This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of burnout among dietitians and nutritionists is as high as in other medical professionals. Furthermore, age and sex were not significantly associated with emotional burnout among dietitians and nutritionists. This study provides the impetus for policy changes to improve dietitians' and nutritionists' working conditions, as well as the overall quality of nutrition care.
尽管有传闻证据表明营养师和营养学家中工作压力和职业倦怠的患病率很高，但针对该主题的研究却很少。此外，大多数研究来自西方国家。本研究基于系统评价、荟萃分析和荟萃回归，旨在提供系统分级的证据，以评估不同年龄、性别和文化背景的营养师和营养学家中情绪倦怠的患病率。
两名评价者独立进行系统检索，检索时间范围为2000年1月1日至2024年4月1日，后更新至2024年11月15日，检索七个数据库：EBSCOhost研究平台、EMBASE、PubMed/MEDLINE、ProQuest、ScienceDirect、Scopus和Web of Science。本荟萃分析采用DerSimonian-Laird方法合并数据。从16个数据集（发表于12篇研究报告）中提取了总共12166名营养师和营养学家的数据，涵盖约25年的时间。我们测量了营养师和营养学家中总体职业倦怠综合征及其个体症状的合并患病率。还进行了亚组荟萃分析，以确定一系列全面的调节因素，包括参与者的年龄和性别。
营养师和营养学家中总体职业倦怠综合征的患病率（K = 10，N = 10081）显示总体患病率为40.43%[23.69；59.74]，I² = 99.3%，τ[95%置信区间]= 1.18[0.84；1.97]，τ²[95%置信区间]= 1.38[0.71；3.89]，H[95%置信区间]= 12.68[11.70；13.74]。营养师和营养学家中职业倦怠维度/个体症状的患病率（K = 2，N = 695）总结如下：情感耗竭（EE）为26.11%[15.14；41.17]，I² = 84.0%，τ = 0.21，τ² = 0.46，Q = 6.25，p < 0.001；去个性化（DP）为6.59%[1.08；31.22]，I² = 95.0%，τ = 1.72，τ² = 1.31，Q = 20.18，p < 0.001；个人成就感（PA）为59.29%[39.81；76.23]，I² = 89.3%，τ = 0.29，τ² = 0.54，Q = 9.36，p < 0.001。荟萃回归显示年龄和性别无差异，p分别为0.80和0.20。
本荟萃分析表明，营养师和营养学家中职业倦怠的患病率与其他医学专业人员一样高。此外，年龄和性别与营养师和营养学家中的情绪倦怠无显著关联。本研究为改善营养师和营养学家的工作条件以及营养护理的整体质量的政策变革提供了动力。
