Banyard Victoria, Mitchell Kimberly J, Jones Lisa M, Dunsiger Shira, Ybarra Michele L
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2024 Dec 23:8862605241303954. doi: 10.1177/08862605241303954.
Research documents alarmingly high suicidal behavior risk among adolescents and young adults in the United States. A related concern is similarly high rates of exposure to the self-directed violence (SDV) of others. The current study examined how components of the Theory of Planned Behavior explain factors related to helping social network members engaging in SDV. Baseline data ( = 4,982) from the longitudinal study, Project Lift Up, were analyzed cross-sectionally. Young people, ages 13 to 22, were recruited through social media platforms; sexual and gender minority youth were oversampled. Participants answered questions about exposure to other people's SDV and measures of key constructs related to the Theory of Planned Behavior for helping reduce SDV including perceptions of what others think about helping and behavioral control. Three outcomes were assessed: Intent to help someone, proactive behavior to promote the other person's mattering, and proactive behavior to prevent SDV. Measures showed adequate reliability and validity (Cronbach's alphas above .70). Overall, regression analyses across the three outcomes partially supported the Theory of Planned Behavior. Attitudes and confidence explained variance in intent to help and proactive behavior outcomes, whereas intent and social norms showed more mixed associations with the three outcomes. While the Theory of Planned Behavior is useful to explain gatekeeper outcomes for suicide prevention, specific significant factors within the model vary by the specific outcome being examined. Further research to unpack nuances in gatekeeper behaviors is needed and may help design prevention strategies.
研究表明，美国青少年和青年的自杀行为风险高得惊人。一个相关的问题是，接触他人自我导向暴力（SDV）的比例同样很高。本研究考察了计划行为理论的各个组成部分如何解释与帮助社交网络成员避免SDV相关的因素。对纵向研究“振作计划”的基线数据（n = 4982）进行了横断面分析。通过社交媒体平台招募了13至22岁的年轻人；性取向和性别少数群体青年被过度抽样。参与者回答了关于接触他人SDV的问题，以及与计划行为理论相关的关键构念的测量问题，这些构念有助于减少SDV，包括对他人对帮助的看法的认知和行为控制。评估了三个结果：帮助他人的意愿、促进他人重要性的积极行为以及预防SDV的积极行为。测量显示出足够的信度和效度（克朗巴哈系数高于0.70）。总体而言，对这三个结果的回归分析部分支持了计划行为理论。态度和信心解释了帮助意愿和积极行为结果的方差，而意愿和社会规范与这三个结果的关联则更为复杂。虽然计划行为理论有助于解释预防自杀的守门人结果，但模型中的具体显著因素因所考察的具体结果而异。需要进一步研究以剖析守门人行为的细微差别，这可能有助于设计预防策略。
