Effectiveness of Protection Motivation Theory on clinical factors, behavior change, and cardiovascular disease: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE

To identify and synthesize the primary evidence on the effectiveness of Protection Motivation Theory on and cardiovascular disease and diseases that are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

METHOD

An integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl method (2005).

RESULTS

Eleven articles met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. The integration of evidence was abundant in three themes 1) Physical activity 2) Weight and Body Mass Index, and 3) Food consumption and each theme having the same six sub-themes of self-efficacy, response-efficacy, response cost, severity, vulnerability and reward. No studies have addressed all clinical factors and behavioral changes associated with cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSION

Due to the limited literature on the effectiveness of Protection Motivation Theory on behavioral changes in patients with cardiovascular diseases, generalizations and practice recommendations are limited. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of this theory in patient outcomes.