A comprehensive review of thermoelectric cooling technologies for enhanced thermal management in lithium-ion battery systems.

With the rising demand of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the necessity for efficient thermal management of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB) becomes more crucial. Over the past few years, thermoelectric coolers (TEC) have been increasingly used to cool LIBs effectively. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of thermoelectric technologies for improving the thermal management in LIB Systems. The review examines core ideas, experimental approaches, and new research discoveries to provide a thorough investigation. The inquiry starts with analysing TEC Hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) Cooling, including air cooled, phase change material (PCM)-cooled, liquid cooled, and heat pipe cooled thermoelectric BTMS. This paper also examines the shape, thickness, and arrangement of heat sink fins in TECs, providing valuable insights for enhancing thermal efficiency. The review additionally focuses on Control in TEC-based Li-ion BTMS, emphasizing the need for effective regulatory systems. Recognizing inherent limits, the study examines issues, stimulating future research possibilities. It encourages a complete grasp of contemporary thermoelectric technologies in Li-ion BTMS by synthesizing theoretical frameworks, experimental data, and literature assessments. The review also examines Future Directions, emphasizing prospects for innovation. A collaborative future is envisioned in which shared information drives long-term advances in energy storage technologies.