Chen Yu-Ming, Hu Nan, Zhang Jia-Yi, Sun Yi-Fei, Wu Yue-Fei, Li Zi-Rui, Fan Li-Wu
Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb;12(7):e2413142. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413142. Epub 2024 Dec 25.
High-performance boiling surfaces are in great demand for efficient cooling of high-heat-flux devices. Although various micro-/nano-structured surfaces have been engineered toward higher surface wettability and wickability for enhanced boiling, the design and fabrication of surface structures for realizing both high critical heat flux (CHF) and high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) remain a key challenge. Here, a novel "electrode-transpose" all-electrochemical strategy is proposed to create superhydrophilic microporous surfaces with higher dendrites and larger pores by simply adding an electrochemical etching step prior to the multiple electrochemical deposition steps. Enabled by the high nucleation density and high wicking capability, a high boiling performance is shown on such "etching-then-deposition" surfaces with simultaneously high CHF of 2,641 ± 10 kW m and high HTC of 214 ± 6 kW (m K), which are more than 2.5 and 4.3-fold enhanced from those on smooth surfaces, respectively. A very stable morphology and boiling performance of such surfaces subject to consecutive tests are also shown. Using this strategy, such superhydrophilic microporous layers are fabricated on curved surfaces with larger areas, both on spheres and slender cylinders, and demonstrate excellent boiling performance in quenching tests. This facile, geometry-adaptive, durable, and scalable strategy is very promising for making high-performance boiling surfaces for large-scale industrial applications.
高性能沸腾表面对于高效冷却高热流设备具有巨大需求。尽管已经设计了各种微/纳米结构表面以实现更高的表面润湿性和芯吸能力来增强沸腾，但实现高临界热通量（CHF）和高传热系数（HTC）的表面结构的设计和制造仍然是一个关键挑战。在此，提出了一种新颖的“电极转置”全电化学策略，通过在多个电化学沉积步骤之前简单地添加一个电化学蚀刻步骤，来创建具有更高枝晶和更大孔隙的超亲水微孔表面。由于具有高成核密度和高芯吸能力，这种“先蚀刻后沉积”的表面展现出高沸腾性能，其CHF高达2641±10kW/m²，HTC高达214±6kW/(m²·K)，分别比光滑表面提高了2.5倍和4.3倍以上。连续测试表明这种表面具有非常稳定的形态和沸腾性能。利用该策略，在球体和细长圆柱体等较大面积的曲面上制备了这种超亲水微孔层，并在淬火测试中展现出优异的沸腾性能。这种简便、几何形状适应性强、耐用且可扩展的策略对于制造用于大规模工业应用的高性能沸腾表面非常有前景。
