Zhao Qing-Ling, Li Qing-Cai, Ma Long, Jia Chen, Chen Juan
Lunan Geo-engineering Exploration Institute of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources No. 2 Geology Group), Jining 272100, China.
Technology Innovation Center of Integrated Management and Ecological Restoration for Mining Subsidence Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jining 272100, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):442-452. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202402099.
Soil heavy metal （HM） pollution is a prominent global environmental problem. Understanding the risk characteristics and quantitative analysis of potential sources of soil HM pollution is of great significance for accurate prevention and control, scientific management, and safe utilization of soil resources. In the surface soil of Shanxian County, the contents of eight HMs, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were collected and identified in 330 surface soil samples. The HM pollution degree was evaluated using the accumulation index and enrichment index. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of HMs were evaluated using the health risk model designated by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The sources of HMs in topsoil were analyzed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression （APCS-MLR）, and other qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that all eight HM elements in the surface soil samples were lower than the background values and the screening values of agricultural land soil pollution risk in Heze City. According to and EF evaluation, only approximately 5% of Hg samples were slightly polluted, and the other seven HMs were non-polluted or slightly polluted. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of As for adults and children in surface soil were at tolerable levels, and the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the other seven HMs for adults and children could be ignored. The main sources of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and As in the surface soil were natural background sources； the main sources of Cr and Hg were agricultural breeding sources and industrial coal sources, respectively； and the main pollution sources of Pb included other unknown sources and natural background sources. The average contribution rates of natural background sources, agricultural breeding sources, industrial coal sources, and other unknown sources were 51.69%, 27.18%, 6.83%, and 14.31%, respectively, indicating that the main sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of Shanxian County were natural background sources, followed by agricultural breeding sources.
土壤重金属污染是一个突出的全球环境问题。了解土壤重金属污染的风险特征及潜在来源的定量分析，对于土壤资源的精准防控、科学管理和安全利用具有重要意义。在单县表层土壤中，采集并测定了330个表层土壤样品中砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）等8种重金属的含量。采用累积指数和富集指数对重金属污染程度进行评价。利用生态环境部指定的健康风险模型评估重金属的致癌和非致癌风险。采用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）等定性和定量方法分析表层土壤中重金属的来源。结果表明，表层土壤样品中8种重金属元素含量均低于菏泽市农用地土壤污染风险背景值和筛选值。根据地累积指数（Igeo）和富集因子（EF）评价，仅约5%的汞样品轻度污染，其他7种重金属无污染或轻度污染。表层土壤中成人和儿童砷的致癌风险和非致癌风险处于可接受水平，其他7种重金属对成人和儿童的致癌风险和非致癌风险可忽略不计。表层土壤中镉、铜、锌、镍和砷的主要来源为自然背景源；铬和汞的主要来源分别为农业养殖源和工业煤炭源；铅的主要污染源包括其他未知源和自然背景源。自然背景源、农业养殖源、工业煤炭源和其他未知源的平均贡献率分别为51.69%、27.18%、6.83%和14.31%，表明单县表层土壤中重金属的主要来源是自然背景源，其次是农业养殖源。
