加纳ABO和Rh(D)血型抗原的表型及等位基因频率：一项系统综述
Phenotypic and Allelic Frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) Blood Antigens in Ghana: A Systematic Review.
作者信息
Nkansah Charles, Osei-Boakye Felix, Appiah Samuel K, Abbam Gabriel, Banyeh Moses, Daud Samira, Duneeh Richard V, Bani Simon B, Ukwah Boniface N, Derigubah Charles A, Usanga Victor U, Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel, Chukwurah Ejike F
机构信息
Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
出版信息
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024 Dec;12(12):e70112. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70112.
BACKGROUND
ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most significant blood group systems recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion and are widely used for clinical and anthropological purposes. This systematic review determined the distribution and allelic frequency of ABO and Rh(D) antigens in Ghana.
METHODS
Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, up to February 20, 2024, and included studies published from 2000 to 2024 in all regions of Ghana. The search terms used to retrieve the preferred literature were "Blood Group/Antigen" and "ABO and Rh(D)" and "Distribution/Frequency/Prevalence," coupled with the names of the different regions/districts/municipalities in Ghana. Similar blood group individuals from all the regions were added, and countrywide data were gathered. The Hardy-Weinberg model was used to estimate the allelic frequency of blood antigens.
RESULTS
Blood group O (54.72%) was the predominant group in the Ghanaian population, followed by B (21.74%), A (19.65%), and AB (3.89%). Rh(D) antigen was present in 92.28% of the population, and only 7.72% were Rh(D) negative. The calculated allelic frequencies of A, B, O, Rh(D) positive, and Rh(D) negative were 0.1227, 0.1376, 0.7397, 0.7222, and 0.2778 for I(p), I(q), i(r), I(v), and I(u), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The phenotypic frequency of the ABO blood group occurred in the pattern O>B>A>AB, and the prevalence of the Rh(D) negative blood group was 7.72% in Ghana. Future nationwide studies are recommended to assess the distribution of ABO, Rh, and other blood group systems.
背景
ABO和Rh血型系统是国际输血协会认可的最重要的血型系统，广泛应用于临床和人类学研究。本系统评价确定了加纳ABO和Rh(D)抗原的分布及等位基因频率。
方法
截至2024年2月20日，在PubMed、谷歌学术、科学网和科学Direct上进行文献检索，纳入2000年至2024年在加纳所有地区发表的研究。用于检索首选文献的检索词为“血型/抗原”、“ABO和Rh(D)”以及“分布/频率/患病率”，并结合加纳不同地区/区/市的名称。将所有地区的相似血型个体相加，收集全国数据。采用哈迪-温伯格模型估计血型抗原的等位基因频率。
结果
血型O（54.72%）是加纳人群中的主要血型，其次是B型（21.74%）、A型（19.65%）和AB型（3.89%）。92.28%的人群存在Rh(D)抗原，只有7.72%为Rh(D)阴性。I(p)、I(q)、i(r)、I(v)和I(u)的A、B、O、Rh(D)阳性和Rh(D)阴性等位基因频率分别计算为0.1227、0.1376、0.7397、0.7222和0.2778。
结论
加纳ABO血型的表型频率呈现O>B>A>AB的模式，Rh(D)阴性血型的患病率为7.72%。建议未来进行全国性研究，以评估ABO、Rh和其他血型系统的分布情况。
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