Zaidi Ilham, Sarma P S, Khayyam Khalid Umer, Toufique Ahmad Quazi, Ramankutty V, Singh Gurpreet
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Nov;13(11):5152-5158. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_387_24. Epub 2024 Nov 18.
Sociodemographic factors can significantly influence the knowledge level of tuberculosis (TB) patients, affecting the overall health outcomes. Due to lack of awareness and the stigma associated with TB, Indian TB elimination efforts are facing challenges. Patients with less information are more likely to experience delays in diagnosis and proper care.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in New Delhi across 26 operational National TB Elimination Program districts, involving 200 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment from April to August 2020. A structured questionnaire guided the interviews, followed with bivariate analysis and descriptive statistics used for analysis.
Predominantly, residents of semiurban regions accounted for the highest proportion (70.5%), followed by urban areas (20.5%), with rural areas/slums comprising a minority (9%). Notably, a significant majority (94.5%) reported residing in individually owned dwellings, with shared accommodations limited to a minority (5.5%). Sanitary facilities varied, with 77% possessing personal toilets, 18.5% utilizing private facilities, and only 4.5% relying on public toilets. Awareness levels about TB reflected moderate awareness among 56% of participants, good knowledge among 41%, and minimal awareness (poor knowledge) among only 3% of respondents.
Age, sex, socioeconomic level, kind of lodgings, malnutrition, and personal cleanliness should all be taken into account for TB treatment adherence. A new set of frameworks should be developed to enhance the living circumstances of high-risk populations and patients who are living in crowded locations since sharing a room or a house in a populated region increases the risk of TB transmission.
社会人口学因素会显著影响结核病患者的知识水平，进而影响整体健康结果。由于对结核病缺乏认识以及与之相关的污名化，印度的结核病消除工作面临挑战。信息较少的患者更有可能在诊断和获得适当治疗方面出现延误。
在新德里的26个国家结核病消除计划实施区开展了一项横断面研究，纳入了2020年4月至8月期间正在接受治疗的200名成年肺结核患者。采用结构化问卷进行访谈，随后进行双变量分析和描述性统计分析。
主要是半城市地区的居民占比最高（70.5%），其次是城市地区（20.5%），农村地区/贫民窟占少数（9%）。值得注意的是，绝大多数（94.5%）报告居住在自有住房中，合住的占少数（5.5%）。卫生设施各不相同，77%的人有私人厕所，18.5%使用私人设施，只有4.5%依赖公共厕所。对结核病的知晓水平显示，56%的参与者有中等程度的知晓，41%有良好的知识，只有3%的受访者知晓程度极低（知识匮乏）。
在结核病治疗依从性方面，应考虑年龄、性别、社会经济水平、住宿类型、营养不良和个人卫生状况。应制定一套新的框架，以改善高危人群和居住在拥挤地区患者的生活环境，因为在人口密集地区合住房间或房屋会增加结核病传播的风险。
