Cummings Jenna R, Treharne Natasha, Vainik Uku, Mason Ashley E, Nansel Tonja R, Lipsky Leah M, Gearhardt Ashley N
Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Appetite. 2025 Feb 1;206:107843. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107843. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
Identifying malleable influences on eating behaviours will advance our ability to improve physical and mental health. Food-related emotional expectancies are the anticipated positive and negative emotions from eating different foods and are theorised to affect eating behaviour, and to be amenable to change. The Anticipated Effects of Food Scale (AEFS) assesses food-related emotional expectancies using 62 one-word items; however, a shorter questionnaire would be useful in large and clinical studies. In the present study, we developed a brief version of the AEFS, named the AEFS-Brief (AEFS-B), using a data-driven approach. We identified candidate items from all-subset correlations with the AEFS and item-level correlations with eating behaviours in two community samples (n = 247, n = 718), and we assessed internal consistency and validity of the AEFS-B. We further assessed internal consistency and validity in two independent samples (n = 200, n = 108) that completed a 'bogus' taste test or 24-h dietary recalls. Results indicated that the AEFS-B with 28 one-word items had good internal consistency and convergent validity with the AEFS. Analysis with AEFS-B scores reproduced associations of AEFS scores with intake of added sugars, symptoms of food addiction, eating to cope motives, and ad libitum food intake. We also demonstrated novel associations of AEFS and AEFS-B scores with emotional eating and diet quality. The AEFS-B appears to be a reliable and valid brief measure of food-related emotional expectancies that can be used in cohort and population studies, ecological momentary assessments, and for clinical populations in which participant burden is high.
识别对饮食行为具有可塑性的影响因素，将提高我们改善身心健康的能力。与食物相关的情绪预期是指食用不同食物所预期的积极和消极情绪，理论上认为其会影响饮食行为，并且易于改变。食物预期效应量表（AEFS）使用62个单字项目来评估与食物相关的情绪预期；然而，在大型研究和临床研究中，一个更简短的问卷会很有用。在本研究中，我们采用数据驱动的方法开发了一个AEFS的简短版本，称为AEFS简版（AEFS-B）。我们从与AEFS的全子集相关性以及与两个社区样本（n = 247，n = 718）中饮食行为的项目级相关性中识别候选项目，并评估了AEFS-B的内部一致性和有效性。我们在另外两个独立样本（n = 200，n = 108）中进一步评估了内部一致性和有效性，这两个样本完成了一个“假的”味觉测试或24小时饮食回忆。结果表明，包含28个单字项目的AEFS-B具有良好的内部一致性，并且与AEFS具有收敛效度。对AEFS-B分数的分析重现了AEFS分数与添加糖摄入量、食物成瘾症状、为应对而进食的动机以及随意食物摄入量之间的关联。我们还证明了AEFS和AEFS-B分数与情绪化饮食和饮食质量之间的新关联。AEFS-B似乎是一种可靠且有效的与食物相关情绪预期的简短测量工具，可用于队列研究和人群研究、生态瞬时评估，以及用于参与者负担较重的临床人群。
