Rosa Riccardo, Lionetto Filippo, Angilecchia Domenico, Carmillo Laura, Castaldo Matteo, Giovannico Giuseppe, Di Lorenzo Cherubino, Pellicciari Leonardo
Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Physical Therapy Private Practice: Studio RR, Studio 44, Rome, Italy.
Headache. 2025 Feb;65(2):230-241. doi: 10.1111/head.14883. Epub 2024 Dec 26.
To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Headache Disability Inventory (HDI) into Italian and study its reliability and validity.
A total of 132 participants with primary and secondary headaches were included. The translation was performed following international guidelines with forward and back translation procedures. Structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and construct validity were studied. Test-retest reliability and measurement error were tested on a subsample of 32 participants.
The cross-cultural adaptation into Italian was performed without issues. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the structural validity partially (comparative fit index = 0.963; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.959; root mean square error of approximation = 0.051; standardized root mean square residual = 0.084), showing a two-factor structure (i.e., emotional and functional). Each subscale presented high internal consistency (α = 0.87 and 0.87 for the emotional and functional subscales, respectively), excellent and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and 0.88 for the emotional and functional subscales, respectively), and acceptable measurement error (standard error of the measurement [SEM] = 3.6 points, minimal detectable change [MDC] = 10.0 points for the emotional subscale; SEM = 3.8 points, MDC = 10.7 points for the functional subscale). Construct validity was satisfactory for the emotional subscale and moderate for the functional subscale, as 85.7% (6/7) and 57.1% (4/7) of a priori hypotheses were met, respectively.
The HDI was successfully translated into Italian and has acceptable psychometric properties. The Italian version of the HDI can be used in daily clinical practice and research to assess the functional and emotional impact of primary and secondary headaches. Further research should study other psychometric properties (i.e., content validity, responsiveness, and reliability in a larger sample).
将头痛残疾评定量表（HDI）翻译成意大利语并进行跨文化调适，研究其信度和效度。
共纳入132例原发性和继发性头痛患者。翻译过程遵循国际指南，采用正向和反向翻译程序。研究了结构效度、内部一致性、重测信度、测量误差和构想效度。对32例参与者的子样本进行了重测信度和测量误差测试。
HDI跨文化调适为意大利语的过程顺利。验证性因素分析部分支持了结构效度（比较拟合指数=0.963；塔克-刘易斯指数=0.959；近似均方根误差=0.051；标准化均方根残差=0.084），呈现出双因素结构（即情感和功能）。每个子量表均具有较高的内部一致性（情感和功能子量表的α系数分别为0.87和0.87）、良好的重测信度（情感和功能子量表的组内相关系数分别为0.93和0.88）以及可接受的测量误差（情感子量表的测量标准误[SEM]=3.6分，最小可检测变化[MDC]=10.0分；功能子量表的SEM=3.8分，MDC=10.7分）。情感子量表的构想效度令人满意，功能子量表的构想效度中等，分别有85.7%（6/7）和57.1%（4/7）的先验假设得到满足。
HDI已成功翻译成意大利语，具有可接受的心理测量学特性。意大利语版的HDI可用于日常临床实践和研究，以评估原发性和继发性头痛的功能和情感影响。进一步的研究应探讨其他心理测量学特性（即内容效度、反应度和更大样本中的信度）。
