Eyssartier Camille, Billard Pierre, Thoreux Patricia, Sauret Christophe
Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences and Technologies, 75013 Paris, France.
French Gymnastics Federation, 75010 Paris, France.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 3;9(4):252. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040252.
The handstand is an exercise performed in many sports, either for its own sake or as part of physical training. Unlike the upright bipedal standing posture, little is known about the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine during a handstand, which may hinder coaching and reduce the benefits of this exercise if not performed correctly. The purpose of this study was to quantify the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine during a handstand using radiographic images to characterize the strategies employed by the spino-pelvic complex during this posture. Nineteen national-level artistic gymnasts participated in this study and underwent a low-dose biplanar (frontal and lateral) radiograph in both upright bipedal standing posture and during a handstand. Then, 3D reconstruction of the spine, based on biplanar radiographic images, enabled the determination of key pelvic (pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt) and spinal (lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, T9 sagittal offset) parameters in both postures. The results showed that most gymnasts performed pelvic retroversion during the handstand, which was accompanied by an average decrease in lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and T9 sagittal offset. Additionally, lumbar curvature was found to depend on pelvic orientation in upright bipedal standing posture, whereas it was associated with the thoracic spine during the handstand. This study provides new insights into how the spine kinematically adapts to an inverted body load. The results may help coaches and physiotherapists in teaching the handstand or using it to rehabilitate and strengthen the spine through the handstand posture.
倒立是许多运动中都会进行的一项练习，它既可以作为一项独立的练习，也可以作为体能训练的一部分。与直立的双足站立姿势不同，人们对倒立过程中脊柱矢状面的排列和平衡了解甚少，如果倒立姿势不正确，这可能会妨碍训练指导，并降低这项练习的效果。本研究的目的是利用X光图像量化倒立过程中脊柱的矢状面排列和平衡，以描述脊柱-骨盆复合体在该姿势下所采用的策略。19名国家级艺术体操运动员参与了本研究，并在双足直立站立姿势和倒立过程中接受了低剂量的双平面（前后位和侧位）X光检查。然后，基于双平面X光图像对脊柱进行三维重建，从而能够确定两种姿势下关键的骨盆（骨盆入射角、骶骨坡度、骨盆倾斜度）和脊柱（腰椎前凸、胸椎后凸、T9矢状面偏移）参数。结果表明，大多数体操运动员在倒立过程中会出现骨盆后倾，同时腰椎前凸、胸椎后凸和T9矢状面偏移平均减小。此外，研究发现，在双足直立站立姿势下，腰椎曲度取决于骨盆方向，而在倒立过程中，它与胸椎相关。本研究为脊柱在运动学上如何适应倒立身体负荷提供了新的见解。这些结果可能有助于教练和物理治疗师教授倒立练习，或通过倒立姿势来恢复和强化脊柱。
