Schwarz Madeline C R, Moskaluk Alex E, Daniels Joshua B, VandeWoude Sue, Reynolds Melissa M
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Nov 28;10(12):829. doi: 10.3390/jof10120829.
In the last decade, pulmonary fungal infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) have increased in incidence due to the increased number of immunocompromised individuals. This increase is especially problematic when considering mortality rates associated with IPA are upwards of 70%. This high mortality rate is due to, in part, the length of time it takes to diagnose a patient with IPA. When diagnosed early, mortality rates of IPA decrease by as much as 30%. In this review, we discuss current technologies employed in both medical and research laboratories to diagnose IPA, including culture, imaging, polymerase chain reaction, peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow assay, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. For each technique, we discuss both promising results and potential areas for improvement that would lead to decreased diagnosis time for patients suspected of contracting IPA. Further study into methods that offer increased speed and both analytical and clinical sensitivity to decrease diagnosis time for IPA is warranted.
在过去十年中，由于免疫功能低下个体数量的增加，侵袭性肺曲霉病（IPA）等肺部真菌感染的发病率有所上升。考虑到与IPA相关的死亡率高达70%以上，这种增加尤其成问题。这种高死亡率部分归因于诊断IPA患者所需的时间。早期诊断时，IPA的死亡率可降低多达30%。在本综述中，我们讨论了医学和研究实验室用于诊断IPA的当前技术，包括培养、成像、聚合酶链反应、肽核酸荧光原位杂交、酶联免疫吸附测定、侧向流动分析和液相色谱质谱分析。对于每种技术，我们都讨论了有前景的结果和潜在的改进领域，这些改进将缩短疑似感染IPA患者的诊断时间。有必要进一步研究能够提高速度以及分析和临床敏感性以缩短IPA诊断时间的方法。
