护理领导力中的挑战与策略：一项关于精神卫生保健领域领导者的定性研究。
Challenges and Strategies in Nursing Leadership: A Qualitative Study on Leaders in Mental Health Care.
作者信息
Lysfjord Else Marie, Gjevjon Edith Roth, Skarstein Siv
机构信息
Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, 7804 Namsos, Norway.
Department of Bachelor Education, Lovisenberg University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Nurs Rep. 2024 Dec 10;14(4):3943-3954. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14040288.
AIM
To explore the challenges and strategies among new and experienced nursing leaders in mental healthcare; furthermore, to identify factors that support or hinder their leadership roles.
BACKGROUND
Strong nursing leadership is crucial for the quality of patient care and is associated with higher job security and better patient outcomes. Understanding what factors contribute to effective leadership is essential for the development of future leaders.
METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 20 nursing leaders in mental healthcare in Norway, including 10 new leaders (<2 years in the role) and 10 experienced leaders (>10 years in the role). Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis.
RESULTS
New leaders set high standards and faced demanding tasks, which made the role stressful. They experienced uncertainty and self-doubt about their effectiveness and expressed a need for support from mentors or colleagues. Experienced leaders focused on strategic leadership, task prioritization, and employee motivation, emphasizing the importance of being inspirational, patient, and accessible.
DISCUSSION
This study highlights the different challenges faced by new and experienced leaders in mental healthcare. New leaders need support to build confidence and manage the demands of their roles, while experienced leaders benefit from their strategic approach and ability to motivate staff. Conclusions and implications for nursing and/or health policy: The findings suggest that mentoring programs and support networks are essential for developing and motivating nursing leaders. New leaders should receive support to overcome self-doubt and stress associated with their roles. Experienced leaders can, through being mentors, expand their strategic skills and increase own insight and abilities regarding leadership. These insights have significant implications for health policy, which should include resources and programs aimed at supporting leadership development in nursing.
目的
探讨精神卫生保健领域新老护理领导者面临的挑战及策略；此外，确定支持或阻碍其领导角色的因素。
背景
强有力的护理领导对于患者护理质量至关重要，且与更高的工作保障和更好的患者结局相关。了解哪些因素有助于有效领导对于未来领导者的发展至关重要。
方法
通过对挪威20名精神卫生保健领域的护理领导者进行访谈开展了一项定性研究，其中包括10名新领导者（担任该角色不到2年）和10名经验丰富的领导者（担任该角色超过10年）。使用六步主题分析法对数据进行了分析。
结果
新领导者设定了高标准并面临艰巨任务，这使得该角色压力重重。他们对自身有效性感到不确定和自我怀疑，并表示需要导师或同事的支持。经验丰富的领导者专注于战略领导、任务优先级排序和员工激励，强调具有启发性、耐心和亲和力的重要性。
讨论
本研究突出了精神卫生保健领域新老领导者面临的不同挑战。新领导者需要支持来建立信心并应对其角色的要求，而经验丰富的领导者则从其战略方法和激励员工的能力中受益。对护理和/或卫生政策的结论及启示：研究结果表明，指导计划和支持网络对于培养和激励护理领导者至关重要。新领导者应获得支持以克服与角色相关的自我怀疑和压力。经验丰富的领导者可以通过担任导师来扩展其战略技能，并增强自己对领导力的洞察力和能力。这些见解对卫生政策具有重大影响，卫生政策应包括旨在支持护理领域领导力发展的资源和计划。
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