Mim Zarin Tasnim, Nath Chandan, Sattar Abdullah Al, Rashid Rijwana, Abir Mehedy Hasan, Khan Shahneaz Ali, Kalam Md Abul, Shano Shahanaj, Cobbold Rowland, Alawneh John I, Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh.
Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 29;11(12):609. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11120609.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including , also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 450 raw cow milk samples were collected from 18 farms within the CMA. The isolation and identification of were performed following standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular detection of and antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This study found 134 (29.77%) milk samples that tested positive for . Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed the highest resistance rates (69.40%) to be for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and cephalexin, with the lowest resistance (21.64%) being for norfloxacin. A significant correlation ( = 1) was observed between ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime resistance among the antimicrobials tested. All isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), being resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes, with a multiple resistance index >0.2. PCR amplification showed that the gene had the highest prevalence (74.19%) among the ESBL and antimicrobial resistance genes tested. In contrast, the gene had a lower prevalence (6.45%) among the ESBL genes, while the D gene had the lowest prevalence (2.9%) among the resistance genes tested. Positive correlations were observed between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of these resistance genes. This study emphasises the high prevalence of MDR in raw cow milk and its significant potential impact on public health. It underscores the urgent need for strategic interventions to effectively manage and mitigate AMR in the Bangladeshi dairy sector, focusing on the prudent use of antimicrobials and implementing enhanced AMR surveillance.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个日益受到全球关注的问题，对公众健康构成重大威胁。包括[具体微生物名称未给出]在内的多重耐药生物体的出现，也存在通过包括牛奶在内的食物链传播给人类的风险。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国吉大港市辖区（CMA）生牛奶中[具体微生物名称未给出]的流行情况及其表型和基因型抗菌药物耐药模式。从CMA内的18个农场共采集了450份生牛奶样本。按照标准细菌学方法进行[具体微生物名称未给出]的分离和鉴定。使用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性测试（AST）。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行[具体微生物名称未给出]和抗菌药物耐药基因的分子检测。本研究发现134份（29.77%）牛奶样本[具体微生物名称未给出]检测呈阳性。抗菌药物敏感性测试（AST）显示，对氨苄西林、阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸、头孢噻吩和头孢氨苄的耐药率最高（69.40%），对诺氟沙星的耐药率最低（21.64%）。在所测试的抗菌药物中，观察到环丙沙星和头孢他啶耐药之间存在显著相关性（= 1）。所有[具体微生物名称未给出]分离株均被归类为多重耐药（MDR），对三种或更多抗菌药物类别耐药，多重耐药指数>0.2。PCR扩增显示，在所测试的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和抗菌药物耐药基因中，[具体基因名称未给出]基因的流行率最高（74.19%）。相比之下，在ESBL基因中，[具体基因名称未给出]基因的流行率较低（6.45%），而在测试的耐药基因中，D基因的流行率最低（2.9%）。观察到抗菌药物耐药性与这些耐药基因的存在之间存在正相关。本研究强调了生牛奶中多重耐药[具体微生物名称未给出]的高流行率及其对公众健康的重大潜在影响。它强调迫切需要采取战略干预措施，以有效管理和减轻孟加拉国乳制品行业的抗菌药物耐药性，重点是谨慎使用抗菌药物并加强抗菌药物耐药性监测。
