de Brito Francisca A E, de Freitas Ana P P, Nascimento Maristela S
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 24;11(12):1416. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11121416.
Biofilms are mono- or multispecies microbial communities enclosed in an extracellular matrix (EPS). They have high potential for dissemination and are difficult to remove. In addition, biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs) are even more aggravated if we consider antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as an important public health issue. Quorum sensing (QS) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are mechanisms that significantly contribute to the recalcitrance (resistance and tolerance) of biofilms, making them more robust and resistant to conventional sanitation methods. These mechanisms coordinate different strategies involved in AMR, such as activation of a quiescent state of the cells, moderate increase in the expression of the efflux pump, decrease in the membrane potential, antimicrobial inactivation, and modification of the antimicrobial target and the architecture of the EPS matrix itself. There are few studies investigating the impact of the use of inhibitors on the mechanisms of recalcitrance and its impact on the microbiome. Therefore, more studies to elucidate the effect and applications of these methods in the food production chain and the possible combination with antimicrobials to establish new strategies to control MDR biofilms are needed.
生物膜是包裹在细胞外基质（EPS）中的单物种或多物种微生物群落。它们具有很高的传播潜力且难以清除。此外，如果将抗菌耐药性（AMR）视为一个重要的公共卫生问题，那么由多重耐药菌株（MDR）形成的生物膜情况会更加严重。群体感应（QS）和水平基因转移（HGT）是导致生物膜顽固性（抗性和耐受性）的重要机制，使它们更具韧性且对传统卫生方法具有抗性。这些机制协调了与AMR相关的不同策略，如激活细胞的静止状态、适度增加外排泵的表达、降低膜电位、使抗菌剂失活以及对抗菌靶点和EPS基质本身结构的修饰。很少有研究调查抑制剂的使用对顽固性机制的影响及其对微生物组的影响。因此，需要更多研究来阐明这些方法在食品生产链中的作用和应用，以及与抗菌剂的可能联合使用，以建立控制多重耐药生物膜的新策略。
