Kalaignazhal Gajendirane, Sejian Veerasamy, Velayudhan Silpa Mullakkalparambil, Mishra Chinmoy, Rebez Ebenezer Binuni, Chauhan Surinder Singh, DiGiacomo Kristy, Lacetera Nicola, Dunshea Frank Rowland
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet 605009, Puducherry, India.
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751003, Odisha, India.
Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 2;11(12):616. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11120616.
The climate change-associated abnormal weather patterns negatively influences the productivity and performance of farm animals. Heat stress is the major detrimental factor hampering production, causing substantial economic loss to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to identify heat-tolerant breeds that can survive and produce optimally in any given environment. To achieve this goal, a clearer understanding of the genetic differences and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with climate change impacts and heat tolerance are a prerequisite. Adopting next-generation biotechnological and statistical tools like whole transcriptome analysis, whole metagenome sequencing, bisulphite sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and selection signatures provides an opportunity to achieve this goal. Through these techniques, it is possible to identify permanent genetic markers for heat tolerance, and by incorporating those markers in marker-assisted breeding selection, it is possible to achieve the target of breeding for heat tolerance in livestock. This review gives an overview of the recent advancements in assessing heat tolerance in livestock using such 'omics' approaches and statistical models. The salient findings from this research highlighted several candidate biomarkers that have the potential to be incorporated into future heat-tolerance studies. Such approaches could revolutionise livestock production in the changing climate scenario and support the food demands of the growing human population.
与气候变化相关的异常天气模式对农场动物的生产力和性能产生负面影响。热应激是阻碍生产的主要不利因素，给畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，识别能够在任何给定环境中生存并实现最佳生产的耐热品种非常重要。为实现这一目标，更清楚地了解与气候变化影响和耐热性相关的遗传差异及潜在分子机制是前提条件。采用全转录组分析、全宏基因组测序、亚硫酸氢盐测序、全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和选择信号等新一代生物技术和统计工具为实现这一目标提供了机会。通过这些技术，有可能识别出耐热性的永久遗传标记，并将这些标记纳入标记辅助育种选择中，从而有可能实现家畜耐热性育种的目标。本综述概述了使用此类“组学”方法和统计模型评估家畜耐热性的最新进展。这项研究的显著发现突出了几个有潜力纳入未来耐热性研究的候选生物标志物。这些方法可能会彻底改变在气候变化情景下的家畜生产，并满足不断增长的人类人口的食物需求。
