Morsy Manal Mohammad, Salah Basma, Hulail Mohey E E, Abdo Walied, Mahfouz Hala, Hakami Zaki H, Alsulimani Ahmad, Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed, Alhegaili Alaa S, Abouzed Tarek Kamal, Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb, Abdel-Kareem Mona A
Human Anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Human Anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Tissue Cell. 2025 Apr;93:102680. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102680. Epub 2024 Dec 15.
Muscle and tendon injuries are prevalent occurrences during sports activities. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known for its rich content of factors essential for wound healing, inflammation reduction, and tissue repair. Despite its recognized benefits, limited information is available regarding PRP's effectiveness in addressing combined surgical injuries to the gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon. The effects of PRP on muscle and tendon injury in rats were assessed through a set of biochemical markers, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry analyses of muscular myogenin, desmin, and tendinous type I collagen. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 Associated-X-protein (BAX), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) genes were evaluated. Induction of muscle and tendon injuries was associated with elevated levels of serum biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH), and Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB), delayed collagen fiber remodeling, and structural abnormalities in myofibrils. Furthermore, there was overexpression of MMP9, Bax, and HMGB1 genes, along with decreased expression of the IGF gene in this group. Treatment with PRP resulted in significant improvement of these reported findings, including enhanced collagen fiber remodeling, elevated levels of desmin and myogenin in muscle tissues, and increased expression of collagen type I in tendons. Additionally, PRP treatment led to reduced expression levels of MMP9, Bax, and HMGB1 genes, while the expression of the IGF gene increased. Overall, PRP treatment demonstrated substantial enhancement of the healing process in both muscle and tendon tissues in a surgical model of gastrocnemius skeletal muscle and Achilles tendon-induced injury. These findings suggest that PRP therapy may offer advantages in the treatment of physical-related injuries.
肌肉和肌腱损伤在体育活动中很常见。富含血小板血浆（PRP）以其富含伤口愈合、减轻炎症和组织修复所需的因子而闻名。尽管其益处已得到认可，但关于PRP在治疗腓肠肌和跟腱联合手术损伤方面的有效性的信息有限。通过一组生化标志物、组织病理学检查以及对肌肉生肌调节因子、结蛋白和肌腱I型胶原进行免疫组织化学分析，评估了PRP对大鼠肌肉和肌腱损伤的影响。此外，还评估了基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、促凋亡的Bcl-2相关X蛋白（BAX）、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）和高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）基因的mRNA表达水平。肌肉和肌腱损伤的诱导与血清生物标志物如C反应蛋白（CRP）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶A（LDH）和肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK-MB）水平升高、胶原纤维重塑延迟以及肌原纤维结构异常有关。此外，该组中MMP9、Bax和HMGB1基因过度表达，而IGF基因表达降低。PRP治疗使这些报告结果得到显著改善，包括胶原纤维重塑增强、肌肉组织中结蛋白和生肌调节因子水平升高以及肌腱中I型胶原表达增加。此外，PRP治疗导致MMP9、Bax和HMGB1基因表达水平降低，而IGF基因表达增加。总体而言，在腓肠肌骨骼肌和跟腱诱导损伤的手术模型中，PRP治疗显示出肌肉和肌腱组织愈合过程的显著增强。这些发现表明，PRP疗法在治疗身体相关损伤方面可能具有优势。
