Pirzada Ayesha Mumtaz, Anwar Tauseef, Qureshi Waseem Akhtar, Qureshi Huma, Siddiqi Ejaz Hussain, Zaman Wajid, Soufan Walid
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):30687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76194-3.
Salinity stress adversely affects wheat growth and productivity, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates the combined impact of ascorbic acid (AsA), silver nanoparticles (NPs), and Salvadora oleoides aqueous leaf extract (LE) on wheat tolerance to salinity stress. A randomized complete design (RCD) was employed with fourteen treatments: T1 (5 mM AsA), T2 (10 mM AsA), T3 (20 ppm AgNPs), T4 (40 ppm AgNPs), T5 (5% S. oleoides LE), T6 (10% S. oleoides LE), T7 (20 ppm AgNPs + 5 mM AsA), T8 (20 ppm AgNPs + 10 mM AsA), T9 (40 ppm AgNPs + 5 mM AsA), T10 (40 ppm AgNPs + 10 mM AsA), T11 (20 ppm AgNPs + 5% S. oleoides LE), T12 (20 ppm AgNPs + 10% S. oleoides LE), T13 (40 ppm AgNPs + 5% S. oleoides LE), and T14 (40 ppm AgNPs + 10% S. oleoides LE). Wheat plants were subjected to salinity stress (SS) and no-stress conditions (NoSS) for 50 days. Chlorophyll content, DPPH activity, total soluble proteins and sugars, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, leaf ion concentrations, and nutrient uptake were analyzed. Under SS, T6 (10% LE) showed the lowest chlorophyll-a (90.04%) and b (57.84%). DPPH activity was highest in NoSS with T9 (40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA) at 14.40%, and lowest in SS with T6 (10% LE) at 6.67%. Total soluble proteins and sugars were highest in NoSS with T9 (40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA) and T6 (10% LE). In SS, SOD activity peaked with T6 (10% LE) at 8.39 U/mg protein, while CAT activity was highest with T9 (40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA) at 6.25 U/mg protein. Lipid peroxidation was highest in SS with T6 (10% LE) at 14.67 µM MDA/g fresh weight. Leaf Na and Cl concentrations were highest in SS with T9 (40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA), at 14.26% and 44.15%, respectively. The combined application of 40 NPs and 5 AsA (T9) proved most effective in enhancing chlorophyll content and DPPH activity under NoSS, while 10% LE (T6) showed significant improvements in SOD activity and lipid peroxidation mitigation under SS. Future research should explore optimizing treatment concentrations and combinations to further enhance wheat stress tolerance and evaluate long-term effects on crop yield and quality.
盐分胁迫对小麦生长和生产力产生不利影响，因此需要有效的缓解策略。本研究调查了抗坏血酸（AsA）、银纳米颗粒（NPs）和油橄榄叶水提取物（LE）对小麦耐盐胁迫能力的综合影响。采用随机完全设计（RCD），设置了14种处理：T1（5 mM AsA）、T2（10 mM AsA）、T3（20 ppm AgNPs）、T4（40 ppm AgNPs）、T5（5% 油橄榄叶提取物）、T6（10% 油橄榄叶提取物）、T7（20 ppm AgNPs + 5 mM AsA）、T8（20 ppm AgNPs + 10 mM AsA）、T9（40 ppm AgNPs + 5 mM AsA）、T10（40 ppm AgNPs + 10 mM AsA）、T11（20 ppm AgNPs + 5% 油橄榄叶提取物）、T12（20 ppm AgNPs + 10% 油橄榄叶提取物）、T13（40 ppm AgNPs + 5% 油橄榄叶提取物）和T14（40 ppm AgNPs + 10% 油橄榄叶提取物）。将小麦植株置于盐分胁迫（SS）和无胁迫条件（NoSS）下处理50天。分析了叶绿素含量、DPPH活性、总可溶性蛋白质和糖、抗氧化酶活性、脂质过氧化、叶片离子浓度和养分吸收情况。在盐分胁迫下，T6（10% 提取物）的叶绿素a含量最低（90.04%），叶绿素b含量最低（57.84%）。DPPH活性在无胁迫条件下T9（40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA）时最高，为14.40%，在盐分胁迫下T6（10% 提取物）时最低，为6.67%。总可溶性蛋白质和糖在无胁迫条件下T9（40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA）和T6（10% 提取物）时最高。在盐分胁迫下，T6（10% 提取物）的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性最高，为8.39 U/mg蛋白质，而过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在T9（40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA）时最高，为6.25 U/mg蛋白质。脂质过氧化在盐分胁迫下T6（10% 提取物）时最高，为14.67 μM丙二醛/克鲜重。叶片钠和氯浓度在盐分胁迫下T9（40 ppm NPs + 5 mM AsA）时最高，分别为14.26%和44.15%。结果表明，在无胁迫条件下，40 ppm纳米颗粒和5 mM抗坏血酸联合使用（T9）对提高叶绿素含量和DPPH活性最有效，而在盐分胁迫下，10% 提取物（T6）对提高SOD活性和减轻脂质过氧化效果显著。未来的研究应探索优化处理浓度和组合，以进一步提高小麦的胁迫耐受性，并评估其对作物产量和品质的长期影响。
