Arlet Małgorzata E, Sakson-Obada Olga, Zakrzewska Marzena, Singh Mewa
Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31071. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82283-0.
The purpose of our research was to identify the primary personality traits of bonnet macaques using an observer-based questionnaire and to assess the accuracy of this method in predicting behavior. Additionally, we examined the relationship between personality traits and variables such as sex, age, and rank. We rated 25 males and 38 females on 50 personality questionnaire items using a 7-point scale, with reliable ratings and good agreement among raters (the lowest of the calculated ICC (3:k) index ≥ 0.62). Behavioral observations of 38 females over two-years were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five traits: Friendliness, Aggression, Playfulness, Fearfulness, and Opportunism. Every trait correlated with a certain number of observed behaviors. Our results suggest that the questionnaire-based method is sufficiently valid as it confirmed high behavioral convergence with Fearfulness, Playfulness and Aggressiveness. Further studies are needed to understand the functional value of behaviors associated with Friendliness and Opportunism. Our study confirmed a tolerant social style of bonnet macaques, characterized by similar Aggression levels in both males and females, and lack of difference in Aggression level between subadult and adult males. Moreover, we identified a species-characteristic trait Opportunism which, unlike in other studied macaques, did not involve aggression-related characteristics.
我们研究的目的是使用基于观察者的问卷来确定帽猴的主要性格特征，并评估该方法在预测行为方面的准确性。此外，我们还研究了性格特征与性别、年龄和等级等变量之间的关系。我们使用7分制对25只雄性和38只雌性帽猴在50个性格问卷项目上进行了评分，评分者之间的评分可靠且一致性良好（计算出的组内相关系数ICC(3:k)指数最低≥0.62）。对38只雌性帽猴进行了为期两年的行为观察分析。探索性因素分析揭示了五个特征：友善性、攻击性、活泼性、恐惧性和机会主义。每个特征都与一定数量的观察到的行为相关。我们的结果表明，基于问卷的方法具有足够的有效性，因为它证实了与恐惧性、活泼性和攻击性有高度的行为一致性。需要进一步研究来了解与友善性和机会主义相关行为的功能价值。我们的研究证实了帽猴具有宽容的社会风格，其特点是雄性和雌性的攻击性水平相似，亚成年雄性和成年雄性之间的攻击性水平没有差异。此外，我们还确定了一种物种特征性的机会主义，与其他研究的猕猴不同，它不涉及与攻击相关的特征。
