尼日利亚江户州大学教学医院奥奇分院产前诊所就诊孕妇中显性和隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的患病率。

Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B viral infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Edo state university teaching hospital Auchi, Nigeria.

作者信息

Shuaib Bukhari Isah, Momodu Amina, Ohenhen Johnsolomon Eghosa, Umeche Ijeoma Evangeline, Muhibi Musa Abidemi

机构信息

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 27;24(1):1468. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10376-2.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-024-10376-2

PMID:39731052

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11681770/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health challenge in Nigeria, with high prevalence rates among pregnant women. The prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B infection (HBI and HBI) among pregnant women was investigated to understand the burden and associated risk factors in this population.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected, and blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction max Eco 48 system. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software (v6) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS 23.0). A significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of hepatitis B infection was 6.0% (12/200), comprising 2.5% HBI and 3.5% HBI. The participants, aged 19 to 43 years, were predominantly married (89.5%) and urban-dwelling (69.0%), with diverse educational levels and occupations. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic factors such as age, marital status, or education between HBI and HBI groups. However, significant associations were observed between HBV infection and risk factors including blood transfusion (p = 0.01), cigarette exposure (p = 0.03), and alcohol consumption (p = 0.01). Viral load was significantly higher in the HBIov group [4.84 log IU/mL (IQR: 4.00-9.14)] compared to the HBIoc group [2.30 log IU/mL (IQR: 2.19-3.00)] (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The findings reveal a 6.0% prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women, with 3.5% overt and 2.5% occult infections. The results emphasize the need for HBV DNA testing in screening protocols to detect occult and overt HB infections and address key risk factors to improve antenatal care and prevention strategies.

摘要

背景

在尼日利亚，乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染仍是一项重大的健康挑战，孕妇中的患病率很高。对孕妇中显性和隐匿性乙型肝炎感染（HBI和HBI）的患病率进行了调查，以了解该人群中的负担及相关危险因素。

方法

对200名孕妇进行了一项横断面研究。收集了社会人口统计学和临床数据，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和实时聚合酶链反应max Eco 48系统对血样进行乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙型肝炎病毒DNA（HBV-DNA）筛查。使用GraphPad Prism软件（v6）和社会科学统计软件包（IBM SPSS 23.0）对数据进行分析。P≤0.05的显著性水平被认为具有统计学意义。

结果

乙型肝炎感染的总体患病率为6.0%（12/200），其中显性感染占2.5%，隐匿性感染占3.5%。参与者年龄在19至43岁之间，主要为已婚（89.5%）且居住在城市（69.0%），教育水平和职业各不相同。HBI组和HBI组在年龄、婚姻状况或教育程度等人口统计学因素上没有统计学显著差异。然而，观察到HBV感染与包括输血（p = 0.01）、接触香烟（p = 0.03）和饮酒（p = 0.01）等危险因素之间存在显著关联。与隐匿性感染组[2.30 log IU/mL（IQR：2.19 - 3.00）]相比，显性感染组的病毒载量显著更高[4.84 log IU/mL（IQR：4.00 - 9.14）]（p = 0.001）。