Kelso J A, Vatikiotis-Bateson E, Saltzman E L, Kay B
J Acoust Soc Am. 1985 Jan;77(1):266-80. doi: 10.1121/1.392268.
The departure point of the present paper is our effort to characterize and understand the spatiotemporal structure of articulatory patterns in speech. To do so, we removed segmental variation as much as possible while retaining the spoken act's stress and prosodic structure. Subjects produced two sentences from the "rainbow passage" using reiterant speech in which normal syllables were replaced by /ba/ or /ma/. This task was performed at two self-selected rates, conversational and fast. Infrared LEDs were placed on the jaw and lips and monitored using a modified SELSPOT optical tracking system. As expected, when pauses marking major syntactic boundaries were removed, a high degree of rhythmicity within rate was observed, characterized by well-defined periodicities and small coefficients of variation. When articulatory gestures were examined geometrically on the phase plane, the trajectories revealed a scaling relation between a gesture's peak velocity and displacement. Further quantitative analysis of articulator movement as a function of stress and speaking rate was indicative of a language-modulated dynamical system with linear stiffness and equilibrium (or rest) position as key control parameters. Preliminary modeling was consonant with this dynamical perspective which, importantly, does not require that time per se be a controlled variable.
本文的出发点是我们试图刻画和理解言语中发音模式的时空结构。为此，我们在保留言语行为的重音和韵律结构的同时，尽可能消除了音段变化。受试者使用重复言语说出“彩虹段落”中的两个句子，其中正常音节被 /ba/ 或 /ma/ 取代。该任务以两种自行选择的语速进行，即会话语速和快速语速。将红外发光二极管放置在下巴和嘴唇上，并使用改进的SELSPOT光学跟踪系统进行监测。正如预期的那样，当去除标记主要句法边界的停顿后，观察到语速内的高度节奏感，其特征是具有明确的周期性和较小的变异系数。当在相平面上从几何学角度检查发音手势时，轨迹揭示了手势的峰值速度和位移之间的标度关系。作为重音和语速函数的发音器官运动的进一步定量分析表明，这是一个由语言调制的动力系统，线性刚度和平衡（或静止）位置是关键控制参数。初步建模与这种动力学观点一致，重要的是，该观点并不要求时间本身是一个受控变量。
