de Bie Nicky, Hill Yannick, Pijpers J R Rob, Oudejans Raôul R D
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2024 Dec 13;15:1501014. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1501014. eCollection 2024.
Music performance anxiety (MPA) is one of the most reported psychological problems among musicians, posing a significant threat to the optimal performance, health, and psychological wellbeing of musicians. Most research on MPA treatment has focused on reducing symptoms of performance anxiety, but complete "cures" are uncommon. A promising addition or alternative that may help musicians enhance their performance under pressure, despite their anxiety, is pressure training (PT). In other high-pressure domains, such as sports and police work, pressure training has been proven effective in reducing choking and enhancing performance quality under pressure. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to explore the potential of pressure training in music settings. Specifically, we first provide a theoretical overview of current models explaining performance declines due to anxiety. Second, we discuss the current state of research on the effectiveness and application of pressure training in sports and police work as well as recent developments in pressure training interventions for music settings. While there is a limited number of studies investigating the effectiveness of pressure training on musicians' performance quality, research focusing on musicians' experiences has shown that pressure training can be particularly beneficial for enhancing performance skills, preparing for performances, and managing performance anxiety. Based on the reviewed literature, the final section points out suggestions for future research as well as recommendations for musicians, teachers, and music institutions for practical applications.
音乐表演焦虑（MPA）是音乐家中报告最多的心理问题之一，对音乐家的最佳表现、健康和心理健康构成重大威胁。大多数关于MPA治疗的研究都集中在减轻表演焦虑症状上，但完全“治愈”的情况并不常见。一种有前景的补充方法或替代方法可能是压力训练（PT），它可以帮助音乐家在有焦虑情绪的情况下仍能在压力下提升表演水平。在其他高压领域，如体育和警察工作中，压力训练已被证明能有效减少紧张发挥失常，并提升在压力下的表现质量。因此，本叙述性综述的目的是探讨压力训练在音乐领域的潜力。具体而言，我们首先对当前解释因焦虑导致表现下降的模型进行理论概述。其次，我们讨论体育和警察工作中压力训练有效性及应用的研究现状，以及音乐领域压力训练干预措施的最新进展。虽然研究压力训练对音乐家表演质量有效性的研究数量有限，但关注音乐家体验的研究表明，压力训练对于提升表演技能、为表演做准备以及管理表演焦虑可能特别有益。基于所综述的文献，最后一部分指出了未来研究的建议以及对音乐家、教师和音乐机构实际应用的建议。
