Wang Wenbo, Tian Hua, Zhao Yuwei, Nie Yanshun, Li Zibing, Gong Junjie, Jiang Wenjie, Yin Yanjing, Santos Bermudez Ramon, He Wenxing
School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
Yantai Longda Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Dec 13;15:1476067. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1476067. eCollection 2024.
Paper mulberry () is a high-quality silage protein feed material that can help address feed shortages and support livestock development. Although some studies have investigated the relationships between microbial communities and silage quality, these relationships and the underlying community assembly processes remain complex, requiring further research to clarify them. Additionally, limited research has explored the relationship between microbial community fermentation functions and silage quality. In this study, we aimed to explore and wheat bran mixed silage quality driven by the characteristics of the microbial community. After 50 days of silage fermentation, high-quality and low-quality samples were selected from every mixing ratio (90:10, 80:20, and 65:35). The silage chemical composition, lignocellulose degradation enzyme activity, microbial community composition, and potential functions were used to explore the relevance between silage quality and the characteristics of the microbial community. The contents of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber, pH, and the activities of endoglucanase and exoglucanase were significantly affected by mixing ratios and silage quality grade. There were higher crude protein content, lignocellulose degrading enzyme activity, and lower pH, lignin, and acid detergent fiber in the mixing of 65:35 (BP65%) samples. The PERMANOVA results showed that mixing ratios had significant impacts on microbial community composition and bacterial fermentation functions. There was a higher bacterial diversity, lower fungal diversity, and better functional potentials for fermentation and lignocellulose degradation in BP65% high-quality silage. The dominant genera were , , and in all samples. The relative abundance of , , , , and was significantly higher in BP65% high-quality samples. There was a higher abundance of in the BP65% samples than in other mixing ratios samples. Notably, silage quality showed a close relationship with , , , and . In summary, 65:35 was a suitable mixing ratio for and wheat bran silage, but high-quality silage still required the participation of multiple specific rare microbial taxa. The higher bacterial diversity and specific microbial taxa abundance could be critical for improving silage quality. We expect that our findings will provide new insights into silage quality driven by the characteristics of the microbial community.
构树（）是一种优质的青贮蛋白饲料原料，有助于解决饲料短缺问题并支持畜牧业发展。尽管一些研究已经调查了微生物群落与青贮质量之间的关系，但这些关系以及潜在的群落组装过程仍然复杂，需要进一步研究来阐明。此外，探索微生物群落发酵功能与青贮质量之间关系的研究有限。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨由微生物群落特征驱动的构树和麦麸混合青贮质量。青贮发酵50天后，从每个混合比例（90:10、80:20和65:35）中选取高质量和低质量的样本。利用青贮化学组成、木质纤维素降解酶活性、微生物群落组成和潜在功能来探讨青贮质量与微生物群落特征之间的相关性。半纤维素、中性洗涤纤维含量、pH值以及内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶活性受混合比例和青贮质量等级的显著影响。65:35（BP65%）样本混合时粗蛋白含量、木质纤维素降解酶活性较高，pH值、木质素和酸性洗涤纤维较低。PERMANOVA结果表明，混合比例对微生物群落组成和细菌发酵功能有显著影响。BP65%高质量青贮中细菌多样性较高，真菌多样性较低，发酵和木质纤维素降解的功能潜力较好。所有样本中的优势属为、和。、、、和在BP65%高质量样本中的相对丰度显著更高。BP65%样本中的丰度高于其他混合比例样本。值得注意的是，青贮质量与、、、和密切相关。总之，65:35是构树和麦麸青贮的适宜混合比例，但高质量青贮仍需要多种特定稀有微生物类群的参与。较高的细菌多样性和特定微生物类群丰度可能对提高构树青贮质量至关重要。我们期望我们的研究结果将为微生物群落特征驱动的青贮质量提供新的见解。
