Abdessalem Meryem A, Adham Sirin A
Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Oman.
Oncol Res. 2024 Dec 20;33(1):27-44. doi: 10.32604/or.2024.056955. eCollection 2025.
Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision, effectiveness, and safety, improving patient outcomes and personalized care. Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells, precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and sparing normal cells. These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation, and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously. Despite these benefits, challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies. Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research. It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies, including liposomes, micelles, protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles, as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages, T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, viruses, bacterial ghosts, minicells, SimCells, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells. By detailing DDSs at different stages of development, from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments, this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.
纳米技术在癌症治疗中显著提高了治疗的精准度、有效性和安全性，改善了患者的治疗效果和个性化护理。工程化智能纳米颗粒和基于细胞的疗法旨在靶向肿瘤细胞，精确感知肿瘤微环境（TME）并保护正常细胞。这些纳米颗粒通过溶解不溶性化合物或防止其降解来增强肿瘤中的药物积累，并且它们还可以克服治疗耐药性并同时递送多种药物。尽管有这些好处，但在基于细胞或纳米颗粒疗法的患者特异性反应和监管批准方面仍存在挑战。主要利用配体和受体之间免疫识别原理的基于细胞的药物递送系统（DDS）在选择性靶向和破坏癌细胞方面显示出前景。本综述旨在全面概述癌症研究中使用的各种纳米颗粒和基于细胞的药物递送系统类型。它涵盖了已批准和实验性的纳米颗粒疗法，包括脂质体、胶束、基于蛋白质和聚合物的纳米颗粒，以及基于细胞的DDS，如巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞、树突状细胞、病毒、细菌幽灵、微型细胞、模拟细胞和外膜囊泡（OMV）。该综述还解释了TME的作用及其在联合疗法中开发智能DDS以及将纳米颗粒与基于细胞的系统整合以靶向癌细胞方面的影响。通过详细介绍从实验室研究到临床试验和已批准治疗等不同发展阶段的DDS，本综述提供了最新见解以及一系列可改进用于癌症精准治疗的创新策略的宝贵参考文献。
