Fijačko Nino, Greif Robert, Metličar Špela, Štiglic Gregor, Abella Benjamin S, Strnad Matej
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
Emergency Department, Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia.
BMC Med Educ. 2024 Dec 30;24(1):1554. doi: 10.1186/s12909-024-06519-3.
A mnemonic is a cognitive aid frequently used in health-related education. The main goal of this study was to develop and test a 5-finger mnemonic for teaching schoolchildren the theoretical aspects of adult Basic Life Support (BLS) steps, a process rarely described in the context of instructing laypersons.
Experts from the European Resuscitation Council's Basic Life Support Science and Education Committee (ERC BLS SEC), specializing in teaching adult BLS, participated in the first phase of the pilot study. This phase employed the modified reactive Delphi to develop a 5-finger mnemonic for teaching schoolchildren the theoretical aspects of adult BLS steps, in accordance with the 2021 ERC BLS guidelines. The mnemonic underwent revision rounds based on expert suggestions and was evaluated using a 9-point Likert scale. The process was repeated until there was unanimous approval. In the second phase, a pilot test was conducted with schoolchildren at a summer camp to assess their recall of the 5-finger mnemonic. Following their training in adult BLS steps utilizing the 5-finger mnemonic, schoolchildren were tasked with arranging cards depicting images from the mnemonic both before and after the training.
From March to October 2022, a four-round modified reactive Delphi engaged four experts from the ERC BLS SEC. Initial expert consensus was moderate, 6.0 (IQR = 4.5-7.5, min = 1, max = 9), on a scale 1 ("totally disagree") to 9 ("totally agree"). The experts consensus improved over subsequent rounds, resulting in two final versions of the 5-finger mnemonic. Both versions concentrate on the comprehensive adult BLS, differing only in their approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): one employs a method of 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths, while the other utilizes compression-only CPR. In August 2023, a recall pilot test involved mostly female schoolchildren (12/13, 92.3%). Pre-training, no cards with 5-finger mnemonic content were arranged correctly, but post-training, progress improvement was observed, especially in older schoolchildren (Z = -2.727, p = 0.006).
The pilot study highlights the potential of using tailored educational tools, such as mnemonics, to teach important lifesaving skills to different age groups. This suggests that the 5-finger mnemonic effectively improved schoolchildren's understanding of the theoretical aspects of adult BLS steps.
记忆法是一种常用于健康相关教育的认知辅助工具。本研究的主要目的是开发并测试一种五指记忆法，用于向学童传授成人基础生命支持（BLS）步骤的理论知识，这一过程在对非专业人员进行指导的背景下鲜有描述。
欧洲复苏委员会基础生命支持科学与教育委员会（ERC BLS SEC）中专门从事成人BLS教学的专家参与了试点研究的第一阶段。此阶段采用改良的反应性德尔菲法，根据2021年ERC BLS指南，开发一种五指记忆法，用于向学童传授成人BLS步骤的理论知识。该记忆法根据专家建议进行了多轮修订，并使用9点李克特量表进行评估。这一过程反复进行，直至获得一致认可。在第二阶段，在一个夏令营对学童进行了试点测试，以评估他们对五指记忆法的记忆情况。在使用五指记忆法对学童进行成人BLS步骤培训后，要求他们在培训前后对描绘记忆法图像的卡片进行排列。
2022年3月至10月，来自ERC BLS SEC的四位专家参与了四轮改良的反应性德尔菲法。专家的初始共识为中等程度，评分为6.0（四分位间距=4.5 - 7.5，最小值=1，最大值=9），评分范围为1（“完全不同意”）至9（“完全同意”）。在随后的几轮中，专家共识有所提高，最终形成了两个版本的五指记忆法。两个版本都聚焦于全面的成人BLS，仅在心肺复苏（CPR）方法上有所不同：一个采用30次胸外按压后进行两次人工呼吸的方法，另一个采用仅胸外按压的CPR。2023年8月，一项记忆试点测试主要涉及女学童（12/13，92.3%）。培训前，没有正确排列出包含五指记忆法内容的卡片，但培训后，观察到了进步，尤其是在年龄较大的学童中（Z = -2.727，p = 0.006）。
试点研究凸显了使用如记忆法等量身定制的教育工具向不同年龄组传授重要救生技能的潜力。这表明五指记忆法有效地提高了学童对成人BLS步骤理论知识的理解。
