Lanszki J, Molnár T G, Erős T, Ónodi G, Lanszki Z, Purger J J
Fish and Conservation Ecology Research Group, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor utca 40, Kaposvár, 7400, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31713. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82032-3.
The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is a wide-ranging, long-living freshwater species with low reproductive success, mainly due to high predation pressure. We studied how habitat variables and predator communities in near-natural marshes affect the survival of turtle eggs and hatchlings. We followed the survival of artificial turtle nests placed in marshes along Lake Balaton (Hungary) in May and June as well as hatchlings (dummies) exposed in September. We found that the fewest nests remained intact in the least disturbed, most extensive area with the largest turtle population without predator control. Hatchlings, compared to nests had a significantly higher probability of survival. The density of carnivore dens indicated the negative influence on the number of exposure days, while marsh vegetation coverage was unrelated. The role of carnivores, especially the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the predation of nests was more significant, while predation by corvids (Corvidae) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) increased for the hatchlings. Predation by mammals increased with the limited availability of dry terrestrial surfaces suitable for laying eggs and with distance to water. Our multifactorial analyses highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts to improve the reproductive success of turtles in these ecologically sensitive environments.
欧洲池龟（Emys orbicularis）是一种分布广泛、寿命较长的淡水龟类，繁殖成功率较低，主要原因是捕食压力大。我们研究了近自然沼泽中的栖息地变量和捕食者群落如何影响龟卵和幼龟的存活。我们追踪了5月和6月放置在匈牙利巴拉顿湖沿岸沼泽中的人工龟巢以及9月暴露在外的幼龟（模型）的存活情况。我们发现，在没有捕食者控制、受干扰最少、面积最大且龟类数量最多的区域，完整留存的巢最少。与巢穴相比，幼龟的存活概率显著更高。食肉动物巢穴的密度表明其对暴露天数有负面影响，而沼泽植被覆盖率与之无关。食肉动物，尤其是赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）对巢穴的捕食作用更为显著，而鸦科鸟类（Corvidae）和野猪（Sus scrofa）对幼龟的捕食则有所增加。哺乳动物的捕食随着适合产卵的干燥陆地表面的可用性有限以及与水的距离增加而增加。我们的多因素分析强调了在这些生态敏感环境中需要有针对性的保护措施来提高龟类的繁殖成功率。
