Cvjetinovic Julijana, Bedoshvili Yekaterina D, Davidovich Nickolai A, Maksimov Eugene G, Prikhozhdenko Ekaterina S, Todorenko Daria A, Bodunova Daria V, Davidovich Olga I, Sergeev Igor S, Gorin Dmitry A
Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bolshoy Boulevard, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya str, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):32007. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83640-9.
Photonic-based methods are crucial in biology and medicine due to their non-invasive nature, allowing remote measurements without affecting biological specimens. The study of diatoms using advanced photonic methods remains a relatively underexplored area, presenting significant opportunities for pioneering discoveries. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of marine diatoms, specifically Nitzschia sp., across varying salinity levels, integrating fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), combined photoacoustic and fluorescence tomographies (PAFT), and ultrastructural examinations using transmission electron microscopy. Key findings include a systematic shift in the mean fluorescence lifetime from 570 ps at 20‰ to 940 ps at 80‰, indicating functional adaptations in chlorophyll molecules within light-harvesting complexes. At 60‰ salinity, anomalies are observed in the development of silica valves and polysaccharide layers, suggesting abnormalities in valve morphogenesis. Lipid droplets within the cells display a minimum diameter at 40‰, indicating metabolic adjustments to osmotic stress. The intensity of both fluorescence and photoacoustic signals increases with increasing salinity levels. These insights enhance understanding of the ecological implications of salinity stress on diatom communities and pave the way for future research on leveraging the unique adaptive mechanisms of microalgae for environmental monitoring and sustainable biotechnological applications.
基于光子的方法在生物学和医学中至关重要，因为其具有非侵入性，能够进行远程测量而不影响生物样本。使用先进光子方法对硅藻进行研究仍是一个相对未被充分探索的领域，存在重大的开拓性发现机会。本研究对海洋硅藻，特别是菱形藻属，在不同盐度水平下进行了全面分析，整合了荧光寿命成像显微镜（FLIM）、光声和荧光联合断层扫描（PAFT）以及使用透射电子显微镜的超微结构检查。主要发现包括平均荧光寿命从20‰盐度下的570皮秒系统性地转变为80‰盐度下的940皮秒，这表明捕光复合物中叶绿素分子的功能适应性。在60‰盐度下，观察到硅质瓣膜和多糖层发育异常，表明瓣膜形态发生存在异常。细胞内的脂滴在40‰盐度下显示出最小直径，表明对渗透胁迫的代谢调整。荧光和光声信号强度均随盐度水平升高而增加。这些见解增进了对盐度胁迫对硅藻群落生态影响的理解，并为未来利用微藻独特适应机制进行环境监测和可持续生物技术应用的研究铺平了道路。
