Sanz-Morales Emilio, Melero Helena
Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
Dirección de Accesibilidad e Innovación, Fundación ONCE, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Dec 30;230(1):22. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02888-z.
The default mode network (DMN) is a singular pattern of synchronization between brain regions, usually observed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and functional connectivity analyses. In comparison to other brain networks that are primarily involved in attentional-demanding tasks (such as the frontoparietal network), the DMN is linked with self-referential activities, and alterations in its pattern of connectivity have been related to a wide range of disorders. Structural connectivity analyses have highlighted the vital role of the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus as integrative hubs, and advanced parcellation methods have further contributed to elucidate the DMN's regions, enriching its explanatory potential across cognitive functions and dysfunctions. Interestingly, the study of its temporal characteristics - the specific frequency spectrum of BOLD signal oscillations -, its developmental trajectory over the course of life, and its interaction with other networks, provides new insight into the DMN's defining features. In this context, this review aims to synthesize the state of the art in the study of the DMN to provide the most updated findings to anyone interested in its research. Finally, some weaknesses in the current state of knowledge and some interesting lines of work for further progress in the study of the DMN are presented.
默认模式网络（DMN）是一种大脑区域之间同步的独特模式，通常使用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）和功能连接分析来观察。与主要参与需要注意力的任务的其他大脑网络（如额顶叶网络）相比，DMN与自我参照活动相关，其连接模式的改变与多种疾病有关。结构连接分析突出了后扣带回皮质和楔前叶作为整合枢纽的重要作用，先进的脑区划分方法进一步有助于阐明DMN的区域，丰富了其在认知功能和功能障碍方面的解释潜力。有趣的是，对其时间特征——血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号振荡的特定频谱——、其在生命过程中的发育轨迹以及与其他网络的相互作用的研究，为DMN的定义特征提供了新的见解。在此背景下，本综述旨在综合DMN研究的最新进展，为任何对其研究感兴趣的人提供最新的研究结果。最后，介绍了当前知识状态中的一些弱点以及DMN研究中有待进一步推进的一些有趣的工作方向。
