Langmann Fie, Ibsen Daniel B, Johnston Luke W, Perez-Cornago Aurora, Dahm Christina C
Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2025 Feb;38(1):e70004. doi: 10.1111/jhn.70004.
Dietary recommendations have globally shifted towards promoting the consumption of legumes as an environmentally friendly and healthy source of protein. This study investigated the replacement of red and processed meat, poultry or fish for equal amounts of legumes on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
UK Biobank participants who completed ≥ 2 dietary assessments and had complete covariate information were included in the analyses (N = 124,546). Information on dietary intake was collected using two to five 24-h dietary assessments. Incident cases of NAFLD were determined through linkage to the National Health Service registries. The rate of developing NAFLD when replacing 80 g/week of red and processed meat, poultry or fish with legumes was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.
During follow-up (median 10.49, IQR: 10.4-10.9 years), 1205 individuals developed NAFLD. Replacing 80 g/week of red and processed meat or poultry with legumes was associated with 4% and 3% lower rates of NAFLD, respectively (red and processed meat HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94; 0.98; poultry HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95; 0.99). Replacing 80 g/week of fish with legumes was not associated with NAFLD (fish HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96; 1.00). Results did not change markedly after adjustment for BMI.
Consuming one serving of legumes weekly instead of red and processed meat or poultry was associated with a slightly lower rate of NAFLD, while consuming legumes instead of fish did not show an association with NAFLD. Further research in cohorts with higher legume consumption is needed to confirm these findings.
全球饮食建议已转向提倡食用豆类，将其作为一种环保且健康的蛋白质来源。本研究调查了用等量豆类替代红肉、加工肉、家禽或鱼类对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）风险的影响。
分析纳入了英国生物银行中完成≥2次饮食评估且有完整协变量信息的参与者（N = 124,546）。通过两到五次24小时饮食评估收集饮食摄入信息。通过与国家医疗服务体系登记处的数据关联来确定NAFLD的发病病例。使用多变量调整的Cox比例风险回归估计用豆类替代每周80克红肉、加工肉、家禽或鱼类时患NAFLD的发生率。
在随访期间（中位时间10.49年，四分位间距：10.4 - 10.9年），1205人患上了NAFLD。用豆类替代每周80克红肉、加工肉或家禽，NAFLD的发生率分别降低4%和3%（红肉和加工肉：风险比[HR] = 0.96，95%置信区间[CI]：0.94 - 0.98；家禽：HR = 0.97，95% CI：0.95 - 0.99）。用豆类替代每周80克鱼类与NAFLD无关（鱼类：HR = 0.98，95% CI：0.96 - 1.00）。调整体重指数（BMI）后结果无明显变化。
每周食用一份豆类而非红肉、加工肉或家禽与NAFLD发生率略低相关，而用豆类替代鱼类与NAFLD无关联。需要在豆类摄入量更高的队列中进行进一步研究以证实这些发现。
