Huerta-Álvarez Aline, Arellano Mariana, Chávez-Méndez Clyo Anahí, Carpinteyro-Espin Paulina, Palacios-Reyes Carmen, Pérez-Escobar Juanita
Department of Nutrition, Hospital Juárez of Mexico, Mexico City 07760, Mexico.
Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Life (Basel). 2025 May 19;15(5):812. doi: 10.3390/life15050812.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, linked closely to metabolic syndrome and rising obesity rates. Affecting up to 37% of the global adult population, MASLD prevalence is exceptionally high among individuals of Hispanic descent, with genetic factors such as the PNPLA3 gene mutation playing a significant role. The subject of this review is the traditional Mesoamerican "milpa" diet, which includes unprocessed local crops like maize, beans, pumpkins, chili, and tomatoes and may represent a strategy to combat MASLD. Current treatment recommendations emphasize weight loss; a reduced intake of saturated fats, processed meats, and added sugars; and increased physical activity. The milpa diet, rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, aligns with these recommendations and could potentially mitigate MASLD by preventing liver fat accumulation and fibrosis. This narrative review focuses on available preclinical and clinical studies adopting the milpa diet as a culturally relevant, nutritious, and sustainable dietary approach in preventing and treating MASLD. More clinical studies are needed to develop precise nutritional quantitative recommendations and guidelines.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）是慢性肝病的主要病因，与代谢综合征及肥胖率上升密切相关。MASLD影响着全球高达37%的成年人口，在西班牙裔人群中患病率极高，诸如PNPLA3基因突变等遗传因素起着重要作用。本综述的主题是中美洲传统的“米尔帕”饮食，它包括玉米、豆类、南瓜、辣椒和西红柿等未经加工的当地作物，可能是对抗MASLD的一种策略。当前的治疗建议强调减重；减少饱和脂肪、加工肉类和添加糖的摄入量；增加身体活动。富含蛋白质、纤维、维生素和生物活性化合物的米尔帕饮食符合这些建议，并且有可能通过防止肝脏脂肪堆积和纤维化来减轻MASLD。本叙述性综述聚焦于采用米尔帕饮食作为一种具有文化相关性、营养且可持续的饮食方法来预防和治疗MASLD的现有临床前和临床研究。需要更多的临床研究来制定精确的营养定量建议和指南。
